ipCly lMmy smyN qoN hr ivÈy nfl sbMDq pusqkF pVHdy rihxf
iËMdgI df atuwt ihwsf bx igaf. iesy kfrn idmfg ivwc bhupwKI ivwcfrF df BMzfr
iekwTf hoxf suBfvk hI sI. pMjfbI dy bhuq sfry BfÈf ivigafnIaF (BfÈf dy mfihr)
dIaF ilKqF keI keI vfr pVHIaF. ivrilaF ƒ Cwzky bhuiqaF ny pihloN inrDfrq ‘‘swc``
hI ibnF iJjk ibnF idmfg ƒ Kycl idwiqaF, duhrf idwqf. ryq dI kMD vrgf ‘‘swc``
ieh BI Aucfiraf igaf. ‘‘aKy pMjfbI ilwpI gurU aMgd sfihb jI ny iqafr kIqI.
iesy kfrn ies df nfm ‘‘gurmuKI`` ipaf.`` kuwJ iewk hor ‘‘isafxp``
ivKfAuNidaF ilK gey hn ik pMjfbI ilwpI gurU nfnk sfihb jI ny bxfeI, ilKI qy
pRcwlq kIqI.`` Kudf KYr kry ieh iksy kfrKfny ivwc GVy jfx vfly iswky jF BFzy
nhIN hn, ik vDIaf cmkdfr ijhy bxf ky, ssqy Bfa ivkx leI bËfr ivwc suwt idE,
lokI Jwt KrId lYxgy. ieh koeI nvF PYÈn nhIN sI ik vyKidaF vyKidaF hI Gr Gr puwj
jfvygf. bolI bxidaF, ivksq huMidaf, ilwpI iqafr kridaF lg mfqr qy Aucfrx inrDfrq
huMidaF, ds vIh sfl nhIN, sO do sO sfl BI nhIN, hjfrF sfl df lMmF sPr qYh krnf
pYNdf hY. ieh koeI imwsIaF rotIaF, gMZf qy lwsI df iglfs BI nhIN sI, ik gurU
nfnk sfihb ny afey drÈn aiBlfKIaF ƒ Jwt pwt Ckf idwqf.
pMjfbI bolI aqy gurmuKI ilwpI df pRmfixk srUp sfƒ gurU gRMQ
sfihb ivwcoN qF imldf hI hY. sgoN qy bfrvIN sdI ivwc hoey bfbf PrId jI dI ilKq
ivwcoN BI pRfpq hY. gurU gRMQ sfihb ivcly sbUq sO pRqIÈq ivÈvfÈXog hn. ies
mukfbly hor hr ilKq ÈMkfvF nfl iGrI hoeI hY. bfbf PrId jI dI ilKq dy drÈn kro,
jo qyhrvIN sdI ivwc ilKI-bolI jFdI sI -
sMn 1947 qwk sfrf mfJf lwgBg iehI TyT pMjfbI boldf sI. awgoN
pfiksqfn ivwc cly gey ielfky BI iehI bolI bolx vfly sn. ies qoN pihlF (nOvIN sdI
ivwc) gorK nfQ dIaF ilKqF imldIaF hn. AuhnF ivwc BI pMjfbI BfrU ‘‘sDUkVI``
BfÈf vrqI geI hY. nmUnf-
mF khy myrf pUq ivafihaf. kfZ dfm bfGx ly afieaf.
iglI lwkV ko Gux Kfieaf. (gorK dI rcnF)
pMjfb dy ksibaF, ipMzF ivwc awj qwk bfxIey lok vwKrI pCfx
vfly vhI Kfqy rwKdy hn. iewQy dukfndfr lok ihMdI, aMgRyËI ilKx dI QFvyN, awj
qwk inrMqr jo ilKq vhIaF ivwc ilwKdy af rhy hn, Aus ƒ ‘‘lMzy`` afiKaf jFdf
hY. iesdy bfrF awKr hn. lg mfqr koeI nhIN hY. vpfrI lok iesƒ bfKUbI ilKdy pVHdy
aqy smJdy hn. lwgBg pMjvIN CyvIN sdI qoN iesdy pRclx df ivÈvfÈ kIqf jf skdf
hY.
pMjfb qy muslmfnI rfj hox krky iewQy pMjfbI ivwc arbI PfrsI
qy psqo dy Èbd bhuqfq ivwc rldy gey. AuNÖ idwlI qoN lY ky jyhlm qwk, rfjsQfn
qoN lY ky iÈmly qwk, (smyq jMmU dy) pMjfbI df hI bol bflf sI. Xfd rhy ihmfcl
aqy hirafxy dI awj qfeI koeI suqMqr ilwpI nhIN hY. Bfrq ivwc ihMdU lfbI BfrU hox
krky iehnF sUibaF ƒ ihMdI bolI vfly jbrI aYlfn kr idwqf igaf hY. jdoN ik iehnF
dI bolI pMjfbI dy vDyry nËdIk hY. 47 qoN mgroN BfrqI hfkmF ny socI smJI sfijÈ
qihq pMjfbI bolI df gl Guwtxf ÈurU kr idwqf. pMjfbI pRPuwlq hox nfl gurbfxI dI
suwcI (pr bRfhmxI rIq-vYidk nIq dI ivroDI) qy mnuwKqf dI ihqYÈI, ivwcfrDfrf vDy
PulygI. iswK ieiqhfs jfgRq hovygf. ies qrHF gurbfxI ivwc icqrq kIqy gey sohxy
smfj dI isrjxf hovygI. jo ik ihMdU iPrkf pRsqF ƒ nhIN BfAuNdf. ihMdI dy vfDy
nfl vYidk rIqF rsmF vDx PuwlxgIaF. BFvyN iensfnIaq df Gfx huMdf rhy, pr bRfhmx
aqy KwqrI dIaF swqy KYrF.
afAu hux Ërf ihMdI dy ipCokV aqy purfqnqf bfry ivwcfr krIey.
sfzy kol rivdfs jI, kbIr jI aqy nfmdyv jI vrgy prm purKF dI bfxI mOjUd hY. ies
bfxI ƒ ihMdI dy nyVy qyVy afiKaf jf irhf hY. gurU qyg bhfdr jI dI rcnf ƒ BI
ihMdI rlI bolI afiKaf jf irhf hY. jdoN ik ieh sO pRqIÈq JUT hY. asl ivwc ieh
bolI jo sfry BgqF aqy gurU qyg bhfdr jI ny vrqI hY, ieh ‘‘sDUkVI`` bolI hY.
Bfv ik hr iewk sfDU afpxy ielfky dy ÈbdF dI bhuqfq aqy bfkI sfDUaF vwloN vrqy
jFdy sFJy ÈbdF dI vrqoN krky, afpxy ivcfr pRgt kiraf krdf sI. AuhnF simaF ivwc,
ihMdI df ikDry nfmo inÈfn BI nhIN sI. asl ivwc hoieaf ies qrHF ik kuwJ QfvF qy
ihMdU muKIaF vwloN 1835 ivwc, afpxy Drm aqy siBafcfr ƒ sMBflx leI aMgRyj srkfr
awgy bynqI kIqI. gorI srkfr ny mMg pwqr Auicq ZMg nfl, ivsQfr sihq iqafr krky
dyx leI ikhf. ihMdU muKIaF ny jo mMgF rwKIaF, Aus ivwc dyÈ dI sFJI sMprk bolI
dI mMg BI kIqI geI. ikAuNik aijhI koeI bolI Bfrq ivwc nhIN sI jo sBnf ƒ prvfn
huMdI. bs Ausy ‘‘sfD BfÈf`` (sDUkVI) ƒ prvfngI dyx dI gl kIqI. Ausy df nfm
mgroN af ky ihMdI rwK ilaf igaf. ihMdI iksy sUby dI bolI nhIN sI, nf hY.
aglI iewk BfrqI bolI sI AuVd. ikAuNik aMgRyËF df rfj dunIaF
Br ivwc PYilaf hoieaf sI. kudrqI hY ik dunIaF dy kony kony ivwcoN nOjvfnF ƒ POj
ivwc BrqI kIqf jFdf sI. eyÈIaf mhFdIp dy POjI afps ivwc gwl bfq krn lwigaF,
afpxy ielfky dy ÈbdF dI bhuqfq vflI PfrsI bolx dI koiÈÈ kiraf krdy sn. PfrsI
ivwc ‘‘AuVd`` POjI ƒ afiKaf jFdf hY. ‘‘AuVd bjfrI`` POj ƒ kihMdy hn.
ies qrHF POjIaF dI afpsI sMprk bolI ƒ ‘‘AurdU`` ikhf jfx lwg ipaf. AurdU
ies leI ik ieMgilÈ ivwc ‘‘V`` awKr nhIN huMdf. AuQy ‘‘r`` nfl kMm cldf
hY. jdoN ihMdUaF ny, ihMdU siBafcfr ƒ bcfAux leI duhfeI idwqI, qdoN hI (1835
ivwc) muslmfnF ny BI, afpxI sMprk bolI AuVdU svIkfr krvf leI. ieh Xfd rhy, awj
qwk AuVdU iksy sUby iKwqy dI mfqr bolI nhIN hY. dyÈ dy btvfry qoN bfad BfrqI
hfkmF ny, pfrlImYNt ivwc, iewk BfÈf bfry ibl pfs krvfx leI ilaFdf. mksd ieh sI
ik dyÈ dI sMprk bolI ihMdI hovy jF ieMgilÈ. pfrlImYNt mYNbr awDo awD vMzy gey.
iksy pfsy PYslf nf hoieaf. bVI jdoN jihd qoN bfad ‘‘srkfrI sfDn vrqky`` ig:
gurmuK isMG musfiPr qoN ihMdI dy hwk ivwc iewk inrxfiewk vot pvfky Bfrq Br ivwc
ihMdI sMprk bolI bxf idwqI geI.
sMsikRq dI purfqnqf ibafn krn qoN pihlF, ieqnf ku ipCokV
dwsxf ËrUrI sI. hux dubfrf ies nukqy qy iDafn kyNdrq kro, ik PfrsI bolI ƒ
ipafr krn vfly rfjsI qfkq vfly, muslmfn lok, iewk hËfr sfl qwk, Bfrq ivwc rfj
krdy rihx dy bfvjUd PfrsI bolI ƒ lokF dI roËfnf bolcfl vflI bolI nhIN bxf sky.
ilKqI kMm BfvyN sfrf hI PfrsI ivwc huMdf sI. PfrsI dy Èbd lok bolI ivwc pRvyÈ
BI krdy jf rhy sn, pr mF bolI df drjf PfrsI ƒ pRfpq nhIN ho sikaf. iksy Èihr
ksby jF ipMz ivwc smuwcy lokF dI roËmrf dI bolcfl vflI bolI PfrsI nf bx skI.
kfrx ? ikAuNik ieh BfrqI lokF dI afpxI bolI nhIN sI, bdyÈ qoN afey lokF dI bolI
sI. sMn 1600 ivwc eIst iezIaf kMpnI klwkqy ivwc sQfpq ho cuwkI sI. sfZy iqMn sO
sfl qwk bMgflI lok ieMgilÈ dy KUb mfihr bx gey, Prftydfr aMgRyËI boldy sn. pr
iksy iewk BI bMgfl vfsI dI mfq bolI ieMgilÈ nhIN bx skI. iesy qrHF bfkI Bfrq
ivwc aMgRyËI bfry smJxf cfhIdf hY.
bRfhmx ny prcfr dy jor nfl pwQr dy tukiVaF ƒ ‘‘Bgvfn``
bxf ky sdIaF qwk lokF ƒ mUrK bxfieaf qy AuhnF dI pUjf krvfeI. sdIaF qoN kflpink
dyviqaF ƒ Boly lokF dy mn msqwk ivwc Toisaf qy luwt ky KfDf. hjfrF sfl qoN
sMsikRq ƒ ‘‘dyv bfxI`` hY df Zol bhuq AuØWcf ipwitaf igaf. ijvyN dyvqy
klipq hn, iqvyN AuhnF dI bfxI dI purfqnqf klipq hY. Bfrq srkfr ny kfljF,
XUnIvristIaF ivwc, sMsikRq ivBfg Kohly hoey hn. kroVF rupY df bwjt pRvfn kIqf
jFdf hY. sMsikRq ivwc pusqk/lyK ilKx vfly ƒ ivÈyÈ ienfm snmfn idwqy jFdy hn.
ryzIE tI[vI[ qy Kfs simaF qy, sMsikRq ivwc KbrF qy hor pRogrfm idwqy jFdy hn.
ieqnf kuwJ krn dy bfvjUd, sMsikRq afKrI sfh igx rhI hY. purfxy gRMQ pVH skx vflf
koeI ivrlf ivakqI lwBdf hY. myry afpxy jwdI iËlHy, pitafly ivwc, do ipMz aijhy
hn, ijnHF dI bolI TyT pMjfbI nhIN hY. bhuq hwd qwk hirafxvI bolI nfl imldI juldI
hY. sdIaF bIq geIaF iehnF dovyN ipMzF (klvfxUM) dI mfq bolI nhIN bdlI. ikAuNØk
jnm qoN hI bwicaF ƒ mfqf ipqf duafrf iehI bolI suxn ƒ imldI hY. pMjfb dy
ivwckfr rihMidaF BI, iehnF dI afpxI bolI awj qwk TyT pMjfbI nhIN bxI. pqf nhIN
ikMnf vkq pihlF, iehnF ipMzF dy vzyry iksy aijhy iKwqy ivwcoN afky pitafly iËly
ivwc iehnF do QfeIN ipMz vsf ley. bolI AuhI, ijQoN AuØWT ky afey sn, awj qwk
pRcwlq hY.
pMjfbI ƒ pCfVn dy byaMq jqn hoey, pihlF iewk hËfr sfl qwk
dPqrI bolI ÌfrsI bxfeI geI. aMgRyËI rfj dOrfn dPqrI srkfrI bolI ieMgilÈ bxfeI
geI. jo awj qwk BI dPqrF ivwc vrqI ilKI jf rhI hY. dyÈ vMz qoN bfad pMjfbI ƒ
ihwk dy qfx ihMdI dI dubyl bxfieaf jf irhf hY. pfiksqfnI pMjfb ivwc pMjfbI ƒ
koeI mfnqf nhIN. gurmuKI ilwpI ƒ pfiksqfno dys inkflf imilaf hoieaf hY. iPr BI
Auh lok pMjfbI boldy hn. aijhy bdqr hflfq ivwc BI dovF pMjfbF dI pMjfbI bolI
jIvq hY qy jIvq rhygI. loV vkq Bfrq ivwc bhuq sfry lok ieMgilÈ boldy hn.
ieMgilÈ pVdy ilKdy hn, bhuq sfry aKbfr rsfly qy pusqkF aMgRyËI ivwc CpdIaF hn.
iPr BI sfry Bfrq ivwc iksy iewk BI ipMz jF ivakqI dI mfq bolI ieMgilÈ nhIN hY.
kfrn ? ieh EprI bolI ju hoeI.
awj qwk pUrI qfkq lf ky prcfiraf igaf hY ik Bfrq dI sB qoN
purfql bolI sMsikRq hY. sMsikRq purfqn BfÈf qF BfvyN hovy pr BfrqI bolI qF
hrigË nhIN hY. jy ieh bolI BfrqI huMdI qF BfrqI iKwqy ivwc koeI iewk sUbf qF
aijhf bicaf huMdf, ijwQoN dI ieh mfq bolI huMdI. koeI iewk Èihr, jF iewk ipMz
qF sfry ivÈfl dyÈ ivwc huMdf, ijwQy vsdy sfry lok, roËfnf sMsikRq boldy,
pVHdy ilKdy. dunIaF Br ivwc iewk BI mnuwK aijhf nhIN imlygf, jo sMsikRq ƒ mfq
bolI dy qOr qy boldf hovy. ikAuNik sMsikRq ivwc bRfhmxI krmkFzI gRMQ ilKy hoey
hn. jy sMsikRq QoVHy bhuq sfh lYNdI rhI qF pfKMzIaF df pfKMz cldf rhygf. BivwK
dy mnuwK ƒ sMsikRq kuwJ BI dyx qoN asmrQ hY. vylf ivhf cuwky ivcfr, sMsikRq
gRMQF ivwc bQyry iml jfxgy. ijvyN jyqU muslmfnF ny Bfrq ivwc rih ky pusqkF
ilKIaF arbI PfrsI ivwc. Auh ikqfbF jfxkfrI qF koeI dy skdIaF hn. pr sfzI afpxI
bolI ivwc nhIN hn. iesy qrHF bhuq sfry goiraF ny aMgRyËI ivwc ikqfbF ilKIaF.
AuhnF ivwc igafn imldf hY, pr sfzI bolI ivwc nhIN hn. iesy qrHF sMsikRq ies dyÈ
dI bolI nhIN hY. hjfrF sfl pihlF ijs iKwqy ivwcoN hmlfvr kbIly AuØWT ky afey
sn, afpxy nfl kuwJ rIqI irvfj qy kuwJ kMm clfAU sMsikRq ilKqI gRMQ ilafey. jy
sMsikRq AuhnF lokF dI mfq bolI huMdI qF Auh mrdI kdy nF. dunIaF ivwc kuwJ kbIly
aijhy BI hn ijnf dI afbfdI kuwJ hËfr qwk hI rih geI hY. iPr BI AuhnF dI mfq
bolI jIvq hY.
purfqnqf df Zol bhuq vwj igaf hY. ijvyN dyvqy kdI DrqI qy
nhIN afey, iqvyN BfrqI DrqI dI ‘‘dyv bfxI sMsikRq`` afpxI nhIN hY. gurU nfnk
sfihb jI ny dyviqaF dI bf-dlIl aslIaq sfzy snmuwK rwK idwqI hY. bRfhmx dy pfKMz
aqy sdIaF qoN kIqI jf rhI aMnHI luwt df BFzf cOrfhy ivwc BMn idwqf hY. vydF dI
ivcfrDfrf ny mnuwKqf ivwc vMzIaF qy ivhlVpuxf pf idwqf hY. aijhI iswiKaf dI awj
koeI kImq nhIN hY. siqgurU jI ny afpxI pfvn bfxI gurmuwKI/pMjfbI ivwc Aucfrx
krky ‘‘dyv bfxI`` sMsikRq ƒ gloN lfh idwqf hY. dunIaF ivwc pMjfbI bolx vfly
lwgBg vIh kroV mnuwK hn. qy dyvbfxI ƒ bolx vflf koeI iewk pirMdf qwk nhIN.
sMsikRq df JMzf cuwkI iPr rhy lok BI ies ƒ mfqbolI vFg nhIN boldy. kFsI dI
ividaf bfry gur vfk -
