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jIvn JWlk-dsmysL ipqf
gurU goibMd isMG jI
ipRMsIpl igafnI surjIq isMG, isWK imsLnrI, idWlI
afgmn- jgq
gurU, gurU nfnk sfihb dy dsvyN srUp sfihb sRI gurU goibMd isMG jI mhfrfj df
afgmn 22
dsMbr, sMn 1666 eI:
nUM pWtnf sfihb, ibhfr pRFq ‘c hoieaf. aWjklH ieQy gurduafrf drbfr sfihb,
pWtnf sfihb susLoBq hYY aqy isWK pMQ dy mMny jf rhy pMj qKLqF ivcoN ieh dUsrf
qWKLq hY. afp nfvyN siqgurU, gurU qyg bhfdr jI dI ieklOqI sMqfn sn. afp dy mfqf,
mfqf gujrI jI sn. afp jI nUM dsvyN pfqsLfh hox kfrx ‘dsmysL ipqf’ kihky vI
Xfd kIqf jFdf hY. afp hWQ ‘c bfjL rWKdy, isr qy klgLI sjfAuNdy, nIly nfmk GoVy
dI svfrI krdy sn. ienHF kfrnf krky afp nUM ‘bfjF vflf siqgurU’ ‘nIly dy
sLfh-asvfr’ aqy ‘klgI vflf’ pfqsLfh afdk iBMn-iBMn siqkfr jog AupnfvF nfl
vI Xfd kIqf jFdf hY.
rfjsI hflfq-
afp dy afgmn smyN Bfrq ‘c aOrMgjLyb
df sLfsn sI aqy hkUmq dy julmF dI asImqf sI. rfjsI jLulmF df isWDf insLfnf Aus
smyN dI ihMdU jMqf sI. ihMdUaF ivWckfr afqmiglfnI Brn vflf ‘jjLIaf tYks’,
ihMdUaF nUM dyxf pYNdf sI. ieh tYks bRfhmx vrg Aupr lfgU nhIN sI huMdf. iesy df
nqIjf sI ik ieh vrg ihMdUaF df afgU hox dy bfvjUd, apxy afp ‘c hkUmq df hI
hWQ-Tokf bixaf ipaf sI. kyvl ZMg dUjf sI, pr bRfhmx vI afm ihMdUaF dI luWt-KsuWt
‘c iksy qoN ipWCy nhIN sI. anykF dyvI-dyviqaF dI pUjf-arcf, vr-srfp, sgn-rIqF,
vihm-Brm, jhflqF-kropIaF, tUxy-prCfivaF afid df BrvF pRcfr krky-rfjsI jLulmF
kfrn pihlF qoN inrbWl ho cuWky ihMdUaF nUM apxI ies luWt-KsuWt nfl hor vI inrbWl
kr irhf sI. sfry pfsy mMdrF dI Zfho-ZfhI cl rhI sI. keI ieiqhfsk mMdr vI Zfey jf
cuWky sn, nvyN mMdr bxfAux qy pfbMdI sI. ihMdU iqAuhfrF qy tYks lgdy sn. mMdrF
‘c sLMK pUrn, GMty vjfAux ‘qy sMsikRq pVHn qy vI pfbMdI sI. GrF ‘c pfxI dI
splfeI gAU dy qfjLy bWCVy dI KWlL rfhIN phuMcfeI jFdI sI. hkUmq rfhIN ihMdUaF
nUM muslmfn bxfAuxf qF rojL df kMm sI. pRcln muqfbk ‘rojLfnf svf mx jMjU
Auqfiraf jFdf sI’ Drm qWbdIl krky jF kWql krky. jd hkUmq dI apxI pflsI hI
jLulm-aiqafcfr vflI hovygI qF jxF-KxF Cotf aihlkfr vI afpxy aPLsrF dI KusLnUdI
hfsl krn vfsqy, vwzf jLflm bx jFdf hY. ihMdU zoly, jfiedfdF idn dIvIN lutIaF
jFdIaF pr koeI puWCx vflf nhIN sI.
jLulm kyvl ihMdUaF Aupr hI ikAuN?-
ies sfry jLulm aWiqafcfr dy do hI muWK
kfrx sn, (1)- muslmfn mUloN hI iek alHf-qflf dy pRcfrI sn aqy Auh
buWq-pRsqF (mUrqI-pUjkF) nUM kfPLr (nfsqk) mMxdy sn. AunHF nUM muslmfn bnfAuxf jF
KLWqm kr dyxf, buWq Kfinaf (mMdrF) nUM qoV dyxf, alHf-qflf dI vWzI iebfdq (syvf)
‘qy pRsqsL (pUjf) mMxdy sn. (2)- aOrMgjLyb ny qWKLq hfsl krn leI apxy
iqMnF BrfvF ‘qy AunHF dIaF anykF hmfieqI muslmfn PLOjF-aPLsrF nUM kWql
krvfieaf sI. Auhny apxy ipqf sLfhjhF nUM kYd krky afgry dI jyl ‘c suWitaf,
ijWQy AusdI mOq ho geI. iesqrHF KLud muslmfnF ‘c hI AusdI BWrvIN bdnfmI ho geI
sI. apxI sfK nUM muslmfnF ‘c pWkf krn vfsqy aqy afpxy rfj-pft pRfpqI df kfrn
AunH dI dI syvf sfbq krn leI Aus ny afpxI jLulm dI qWlvfr nUM ihMdUaF vWl
moiVaf. vWD qoN vWD dihsLq pYdf kIqI. aWj Bfrq srkfr leI jo ksLmIr smWisaf bxI
peI hY, Bfrq ‘coN hI jo pfiksqfn bixaf hY-ienHF ‘c kfbl, kMDfr qoN afey
muslmfn nhIN blik Aus vWkq dy Drm-qWbdIl ihMdU pRvfr hI hn. ksLmIr dy rih cuWky
muWK mMqrI bKLsLI gulfm muhMmd-afiKr ‘bKLsLI’ qF hY hI bRfhmx mWq nfl sMbMDq
brfdrI, iesyqrHF hor anykF brfdrIaF. aijhy hflqF ny Bfrq dy ihMdUaF nUM
sfhsWq-hIxy ‘qy idWlhfry bxf idWqf sI. hriek jLulm nUM ikWsmq mMn ilaf jFdf,
sfry pfsy hfhfkfr mWcI peI sI.
rfjsI
jLulmF df syk gurU drbfr qy nhIN sI- KUbI
ieh ik jLulm dI ies hnyrI df gurUdrbfr qy AuWkf syk nhIN sI. gur asQfn aWj vI
inWq nvyN vWs ‘qy Ausr rhy sn. afp dy ipqf, nOvyN pfqsLfh cfhuMdy qF TfT nfl
anMdpur sfihb itWky rih skdy sn. pr mfnvqf dy sWcy drdI-gurU pfqsLfh, rWQ dy
bMidaF ‘qy ho rhy jLulm ‘c kyvl qmfsLbIn bxky nhIN sn rih skdy. GWbrfey lokF
nUM Zfrs dyx leI, gurbfxI dy CWitaF nfl AunHF aMdr inzWrqf Brx ‘qy isWK Drm dy
AuWcy suWcy pRcfr leI-nOvyN pfqsLfh, Aus smyN pUrb dysL dy dOry qy sn.
dsmysL jI df afgmn- ies
dOry dOrfn ipqf gurU jdoN pWtnf puWjy qF Gr ‘c icrfgL rOsLn hox vflf sI. 45
sflF dI ZWlvIN Aumr, anMdkfrj nUM bWqI (32)
vrHy bIq cuWky sn. aijhy smyN ipqf dyy mn ‘c ikho jhy vWlvly ho skdy sn? lokI
qF ruJyvyN CWzky pRvfr ‘c puWj jFdy hn. kmfl df ijWgrf, byimsfl drd sI AunHF
dy mn ‘c KLflk dI KLWlkq leI. nONvNy gurdyv pRvfr nUM pWtnf ivKy gurU ky isWK,
BfeI jYqy hlvfeI ‘qy sMgqF kol CWzky, afp Zfky nUM cl pey. pRvfr nUM AuQy CWzx
qoN kyvl do mhIinaF bfd, afp df jnm, apxy ipqf dI gYr-hfjLrI ‘c hoieaf.
gurU ipqf nfl pihlf imlfp-
nOvyN pfqsLfh nUM sfihbjLfdy dy afgmn
dI KLWbr Zfky ‘c imlI. ikMnI sihk ‘qy vWlvly hoxgy apxy lfzly nUM vyKx leI.
pWtny dIaF sMgqF dy nfm kyvl hukmnfmf ilK Byijaf, afp iPr vI nhIN prqy. afp
rfhIN Zfky ‘c rukx df hI nqIjf sI ik vWzf KUn-Krfbf tWl igaf. nOvyN pfqsLfh ny
AuQy ahomI rfjf cWkrDvWj aqy aOrMgjyb vloN Byjy rfjf rfm isMG dIaF PojF ivWckfr
sulfh krvfeI. ieh sulfh afp qoN ibnf asMBv sI. (gurU) goibMd isMG jI Aus smyN
lgBg sfZy iqMn sfl dy sn jdoN sMn 1670 eI:
nUM ipqf gurU ny apxy hoxhfr nUM pihlI vfrI af ky vyiKaf. puWqr moh iPr hfr igaf
‘qy lokfeI df drd bfjLI mfr igaf. gurdyv ruky nhIN, anMdpur sfihb nUM cl pey
qy pRvfr nUM vI AuQy hI bulf Byijaf. dsmysL jI dI sLsqr ividaf aqy pVHfeI df
sfrf pRbMD, afAux vfly smyN dIaF loVF nUM muWK rKky, ipWqf gurU jI dI apxI
dyK-ryK ‘c hoieaf.
pWtny qoN kUc-
ikMnf kruxfmeI idRsL hovygf jdoN bfl
gurU ny pWtny nUM CWizaf hovygf? gurUdr aMdr lokfeI leI byaMq drd ny pWtnf
vfsIaF dI sfrI hmdrdI nUM apxy vWl iKWc riKaf sI. afiKLr AunHF leI hI qF nONvy
gurdyv ny apxI ijLMdgI dy ieWk-ieWk pWl jLoKm ‘c pfieaf ‘qy apxy afp nUM
by-afrfm kIqf hoieaf sI. KLUbI ieh, ik ieh sB AunHF lokF leI, ijnHF dI rihnI Bfv
dyvI-dyviqaF dI pUjf-arcf, iqlk, jMjU, jfq-vrx, ilMg-Byd, sgn-rIqF, tyvy-mhUrq
afid bRfhmxI pRBUsqf ivcoN iksy iek vI ivsLvfs nfl gurUdr kdy sihmq nhIN sI.
blik idn rfq afp vI iesy ivruWD pRcfr kr irhf sI,; pr jLulm qF ho irhf sI rWb dy
bMidaF qy. ieQy hI bWs nhIN, bfl dsmysL jI dI axI sLKsIaq dI iKWc vI GWt nhIN
sI. ielfky ‘c hfxIaF dy srdfr huMdy sn,. qIr kmfn, PLOjI kvfiedF afid sUrimaF
jrnYlF vfly krqWb hI afpjI dIaF inWq dIaF KyzF sn. lMÕdy nvfbF-aPLsrF dy mUMh
icVfxy ‘qy bicWaF ‘c bIr rs Brnf, qIrF nfl GVy BMn dyxy-pMzq isLvdWq qF inWq
hI, afp dy aMdroN apxy iesLt, sRI rfmcMdr dy drsLn krdf ‘qy mWQf tykdf sI.
rfjf Pqih cMd mYnI ‘qy AusdI rfxI AunHF qoN vfry-vfry jFdy sn, aWj vI mYnI
sMgq iesdf sbUq pysL kr rhI hY. ieh kuJ iesLfry hn jo dsmysL jI dI bfl lIlHf
ivcoN sfbq krdy hn ik aijhy smyN pWtny dIaF glIaF-muhWly vI ro AuTy hoxgy.
ksLmIrI pMMzqF dI PrXfd gurUdr qy hI ikAuN?-
Aus smyN dy rfjsI hflfq aqy ihMdUaF
Aupr ho rhy jLulmF dI sMkyq mfqr qsvIr af cuWkI hY. ksLmIr dy gvRnr sLyr aPgn ny
Pærmfn jfrI kIqf ‘ksLmIr dy sfry pMzq jF qF muslmfn ho jfx nhIN qF kWql kr
idWqy jfxgy’ ksLmIr dy pMzq, ihMdUaF df idmfgL mMny jFdy sn. hkUmq cfhuMdI sI,
jykr ienHF nUM KWqm kr idWqf jfvy qF rihMdy-KUMhdy ihMdU AunHF leI mslf nhIN rih
jfxgy. rfjpUq-mrhWty qF pihlF hI dbfey jf cuWky sn. sfry Bfrq ‘c ienHF nUM
koeI shfrf nhIN sI. Auh jfxdy sn ik ienHF hflfqF ‘c jykr koeI shfeI ho skdf sI
qF Auh kyvl gurUdr hI sI. hriek aOkV-BIVf, mhfmfrI smyN kyvl gurUdrbfr hI agy
afANdf ‘qy apxy afp nUM KWqry ‘c pfAuNdf sI. iesy hkUmq nfl CyvyN pfqsLfh ny
cfr jMgF lVIaF ‘qy cfry hI ijWqIaF sn. sWqvyN pfqsLfh ny iesy hkUmq dy jLulmF
ivruWD, Bfrq dy ieiqhfs ‘c pihlI vfrI nf-imlvrqx lihr eclfeI ‘qy inBfeI vI.
aOrMgjLyb jdoN rfj-pRfpqI leI apxI hI mF jfey BrfvF nfl KUn ryjLf jMg leI aWgy
vWD irhf sI qF sWqvyN pfqsLfh ny apxIaF PæOjF nUM aWgy krky, Ausdf rWsqf roikaf
qy KUn-Krfby nUM tfilaf. gurUdr aMdr kuWt-kuWt ky Bry hoey lokfeI leI drd, ihMmq
aqy dlyrI qoN sfry vfikP sn.
bfl dsmysL
dI by-imsfl dlyrI- pMzq
ikRpf rfm dI pRDfngI hyT ksLmIr dy pMzqF df vPLd anMdpur sfihb puWjf. apxy
duWKVy suxfey aqy PrXfd kIqI. rfj mWd ‘c aMnHI hkUmq rfhIN jfrI kIqy jf cuWky
Purmfn ‘c dKl dyxf, bldI aWg ‘c Cfl mfrn dy quWl sI. ieWQy iksy idRVH
ierfdy, mrd sUrmy, in:svfrQ, propkfrI, jrnYl dI hI loV sI. Auh sUrmf, ijhVf rfj
mWd ‘c aMnI ho cuWkI hkUmq nUM vMgfry, smJfey-loV pvy qF sLhIdI vI dy dyvy pr
mjLlUmF dI bFh nf CWzy. ieh kMm hr iksy dy vWs df nhI sI. nOvyN pfqsLfh ny sLrn
afieaF dI bFh PLVx df PLYslf kr ilaf. nO sfl dy bflk dsmysL jI, ipqf gurU dy
PYsly qoN GWbrfey nhIN. ipqf dy PLYsly ‘c rukfvt nhIN pfeI, blik sihmqI pRgt
kIqI.
gurgWdI dI pfRpqI- hkUmq
jdoN afpxI aVI qoN ipWCy nf htI qF 11 nvMbr,
1675 eI: nUM
nOvyN pfqsLfh ny asIm idRVHqf df sbUq dyNdy hoey, idWlI ivKy inqfxy, mjLlUm
ihMdUaF qy ho rhy jLulmF qy TWlH pfAux leI apxI kurbfnI dy idWqI. ies sQfn qy
aWjklH gurduafrf sIs gMj (idWlI) kfiem hY. sLhfdq qoN pihlF nOvyN pfqsLfh ny
afpxy nfl afey pMj is‘KF ivcoN, BfeI guridWqf jI rfhIN gurgWdI dI ijLmyvfrI
afp jI nUM iBWjvf idWqI sI. asIm azolqf-
nONvy pfqsLfh dI sLhfdq AuprMq, BfeI
jYqf jI jdoN nOvyN pfqsLfh df sIs lY ky afp pfs puWjy qF bVy siqkfr sihq, ipqf
gurU dy sIs df sskfr, apxy kr kmlF nfl kIqf. gurgWdI pRfpqI AupRMq ieh afp dI
azolqf dI asImqf sI. sskfr sQfn qy vI gurduafrf sIs gMj, anMdpur sfihb kfiem hY.
juafnIaF aqy sLsLqR gurUdr dI Byt- CyvyN
pfqsLfh ny 2200
sLsqRDfrI POj kfiem rWKx df hukm kIqf sI. dsmysL jI ny smyN dI loV nUM muWK
rWKdy hoey AunHF PLOjF ‘c hor vfDf arMB kr idWqf. hukmnfmy Byjy ik gurU dI
Bytf leI GoVy qy sLsqR afid hI ilaFdy jfx. POj dI BrqI leI juafnIaF arpx kIqIaF
jfx. sZOry dy pIr buWDU sLfh ny afpxy 500
pTfxF df jWQf Byt kIqf.
aikRqGx phfVI ihMdU rfjy-
phfVI ihMdU rfijaF Aupr gurU dr dy BfrI aihsfn sn. ienHF dy vWizaF nUM gvflIar
dI jylH ‘coN irhfeI CyvyN pfqsLfh dy kfrx hI hoeI sI. iPLr vI ieh aikRqGxqf
qoN bfjL nf afey.
ienHF nUM idWkq sI ik gurUdr dI agvfeI kfrn lokfeI ‘c
jfgRqI ikAuN af rhI sI? klH qIk dy inqfxy qy aKOqI sLUdrF coN hux lokIN
sLsqRDfrI joDy sWj ky AuBr rhy sn, ies ‘c AunHF dI hyTI sI. iek pMkq dy lMgr,
iek srovr dy sFJy iesLnfnF ‘qy sFJIaF sMgqF nUM dyK-dyK ienHF jfq aiBmfinaF,
CUq-Cfq, vrxvfd dy sLYdfeIaF nUM gurUdr qF pihly jfmy qoN hI hjLm nhIN sI ho
irhf. CyvyN jfmy qoN qF isWK sLsqRDfrI vI ho cuWky sn. AunHF anusfr, sLsqRF Aupr
kyvl AunHF df hI hWk sI. AunHF muqfbk ies pKoN gurUdr dI qfkq ajy ijLafdf nhIN
sI aqy iksy vI bhfny ienHF nUM kuWcilaf jf skdf sI. vYsy vI jMqf dI jfgRqI,
rfjsI lutyiraF nUM kdy nhIN BfAuNdI. ies nfl AunHF dy kfly kfrnfmy aqy vfDU dIaF
mOjF ‘c PLrk af jFdf hY. phfVI ihMdU rfijaF ny apxy afkf-mugLl hfkmF dy kMn
Bry, AunHF nUM cWuikaf "gurUdrbfr kfrn AunHF nUM tYks nhIN imldy, Auh
srkfrI muafmlf ikvyN dyx?" dUjy ienHF apxf sfVf vI kWZxf sI. ienHF nUM ieh
vI BulyKf sI ik Auh isWKF nUM kucl jF dubyl qF jLrUr hI bxf lYxgy.
pfAuNtf sfihb dI sQfpnf aqy sfihq rcnf-
BMgfxI df ielfkf pfAuNtf sihb qoN sWq
mIl dI ivWQ qy hY. jmnf kMZy pfAuNtf sfihb df rmxIk sQfn dsmysL jI ny afp
vsfieaf sI. mhfn sfihq pRymI gurdyv ies invykly sQfn qy sfihq kcnf krdy ‘qy
krvfAuNdy. isWKF ‘c bIr rWs nUM qyjLI nfl Brx leI gurdyv ny sMn 1682
‘c ieWk bVf BfrI ngfrf bxvfieaf
ijsnUM ‘rxjIq ngfry’ df nfm idWqf igaf. jdoN ies ngfry qy cot vWjdI qF
vWzy-vWzy sUrmy vI dihl jFdyy. afp dy drbfr ‘c 52
kvI sn. inWq nNvIaF rcnfvF rfhIN sMgqF ‘c bIr rs Biraf jFdf. BfsLf ‘qy sfjLF
Aupr afp jI dI kmfl dI pWkV sI. gurU jI pMjfbI, ihMdI PLfrsI, arbI, sMsikRq dy
mhfn ivdvfn sn; ieQoN qIk BfsLfvF dy imlfp qoN loV anusfr nvIN qoN nvIN
sLWbdfvlI nUM jnm dy dyNdy. afp qfAus bVf kmfl df vjFdy sn. pfAuNtf sfihb dy ies
sQfn qy hI afpjI ny byaMq sfihq dI rcnf kIqI qy krvfeI vI. ieh sfrf sfihq ijs
df sMklx ‘ividaf Dr’ jF ‘ividaf sfgr’ nfmk gRMQ ‘c sI, anMdpur sfihb
CWzx AupRMq srsf dI ByNt ho igaf jF dusLmxf ny sfV idWqf. ieiqhfskfrF ny iesdf
vjLn nO mx dWisaf hY. pMQ pRvfxq bfxI jfpu sfihb, akfl AusqWq, 33
svYXy afid rcnfvF dsmysL jI rfhIN pfAuNtf sfihb dy rmxIk sQfn /qy hI rWcIaF
mMnIaF jFdIaF hn.
BMgfxI df juWD- aMq
ienHF phfVI ihMdU rfijaF ny pUrI iqafrI nfl gurU drbfr qy hmlf bol idWqf. ieh
jMg 15 apRYl 1687
nUM hoeI. dusLmx ny, pIr buWDU sLfh vloN Byjy 500
pTfxF ivcoN cfr sO nUM Auksf ky rfqo-rfq afpxy nfl imlf ilaf. jdoN ies df pqf
pIr buWDU sLfh nUM lWgf qF AunHy bVI sLRimMdgI mihsUs kIqI. Auh apxy cfr
spuWqRF, do BrfvF aqy sWq sO murIdF smyq af ky jMg ‘c hfjLr ho igaf. BMgfxI dy
sQfn qy Gmfsfn juWD hoieaf. ies jMg ‘c gurdyv dI BUaf bIbI vIro dy pMj
spuWqRF, mfmf ikRpfl cMd aqy AudfsI mhMq ikRpfl dfs ny vI ihWsf ilaf. jMg ‘c
gurdyv dI ijWq hoeI. ieh afp df pihlf juWD sI. ies jMg ‘c pIr buWDU sLfh dy do
spuWq, iek Brf, bIbI vIro dy doo spu‘qR sMgo sLfh ‘qy jIq ml sLhId ho gey.
phfVI rfijaF ivcoN iqMn rfjy vI mfry gey. cyqyy rhy! gurU drbfr nf hI qF kdy
iksy qy hmlfvr hoieaf hY ‘qy nf hI iksy Drm ivsLysL dy hWk jF ivroD ‘c liVaf
hY. gurUdr dI jMg BfvyN ivcfrDfrf dI jMg rhI hovy jF sLsqRF dI, Auh jMg sdf
jLulm-DWky, pfKMz dy ivruD aqy dilWqF, kuWcilaF, mjLlUmF dy hWk ‘c hI sI.
sMn 1687 dI
ies jMg qoN bfd gurdyv anMdpur sfihb af gey ‘qy sMn 1704
qIk ieQy hI rhy. ies dohrfn hI sMn 1688
‘c nodon dI jMg aqy sMn 1689
‘c husYnI juWD hoieaf. iesy dohrfn sMn 1697 ‘c
BfeI nMd lfl afp dI sLrx ‘c afey AupRMq isWK sWj ky nMd lfl qoN nMd lfl isMG
bxy.
crx pfhul qoN KMzy dI pfhul-
isWK Drm ‘c pRvysL leI ‘crx pfhul’
df nIXm gurU nfnk pfqsLfh qoN hI arMB hoieaf sI. ies df ZMg, gurU pfqsLfh jF
afiDkfrI sWjxF vloN, bfxI pVH ky jigafsU nUM bfxI dy crnF nfl joVxf huMdf sI.
cyqy rhy! pYr (crx) Duaf ky iplfAux vflf asWB qy dUsLq qrIkf gurUdr ny kdy vI
pRvfn nhIN sI kIqf. sfbq sUrq, sMpUrx kysfDfrI rWbI srUp ‘c rihMdy hoey, gurbfxI
isiKaf qy clx df pRx lYxf hI ‘crx pfhul’ df mWksd huMdf sI. sMn 1675
qoN 1699 eI:
qIk dsmysL jI ny vI 24 sfl
‘crx pfhul’ vflf iehI nIXm vriqaf. sMn 1699
eI: dI ivsfKI nUM gurdyv ny pfhul CWkfAux df ieh ZMg ‘KMzy dI pfhul’ ‘c
bdl idWqf pr mUl afsLf AuhI sI ijhVf ik pihly jfmy qoN cldf af irhf sI.
pMQ dI sfjnf kIqI- bfxI
df KjLfnf iqafr ho cuWkf sI. gurU df sdIvI afqmk srUp pihlF qy hux vI
gurbfxI hI sI. agy df kMm qF kyvl gurbfxI qoN pRgt hox vflI ‘juWgq’ Bfv ‘jIvn-jfc’
nUM vrqfAuxf sI. afp df pRogRfm hux ies ‘juWgq’ vrqfAux vflI ijMmyvfrI nUM
pMQ pfs bdlx df sI. afp ny anMdpur sfihb dy mOjUdf qKLæq sRI kysgVH sfihb dy
sQfn qy ivsfKI sMn 1699
eI: nUM Aucycf smfgm sWidaf. gurUdr qy ivsfKI df sflfnf joV-myl gurU nfnk
pfqsLfh dy ivsfK ‘c afgmn kfrn arMB ho igaf sI. ies smfgm leI dUr-dUr qIk
swdf-pwqr Byjy gey. Bry dIvfn ‘c acfnk gurdyv ny pMj isrF dI mMg kr leI. ies
dy leI pMjF ny apxy afp nUM pysL kIqf. CyvF isr pfqsLfh ny mMigaf hI nhIN sI ies
leIy AusdI loV hI nhIN peI. AupRMq dsmysL jI ny ‘KMzy dI pfhul’ afp iekilaF
hI iqafr kIqI qy AunHF pMjF nUM CWkfeI. iesqrHF ‘KMzy dI pfhul’ rfhIN isWK
Drm ‘c pRvysL dy ZMg df arMB kr idWqf. hux afp ny ies kfrj nUM pMj pfhul
DfrIaF dy rUp ‘c pMQ dy spurd kr idWqf. iesdy leI vI gurdyv ny AunHF pMjF agy
mWQf tyk ky sB qoN pihlF AunHF qoN afp pfhul leI. iesy qbdIlI nUM ‘pMQ dI
sfjnf’ Bfv ies idn qoN isWK Drm ‘c pRvysL krvfAux aqy bfxI juWgq nUM vrqfAux
vflI ijLmyvfrI pMQ pfs dy ieWqI.
pMjF
agy mWQf tyikaf- iesqrHF
pMj isWKF dI cox kIqI aqy KMzy-bfty dI pfhul dyky AunHF nUM ‘pMj ipafry’
aYlfixaf igaf. iPr dsmysL jI ny AunHF pMjF agy apxf isr JuWkf idWqf. afiKr iehI
ZMg qF pihly jfmy qoN hI cldf af irhf sI. gurU nfnk pfqsLfh ny, gurU aMgd sfihb
aWgy mWQf tykky gurgWdI dI sONpxf kIqI sI. gurU aMgd sfihb ny gurU amrdfs jI
aWgy. TIk iesyqrHF ies cldy af rhy nIXm anusfr aWj ienHF pMjF aWgy isr Jukfky
gurdyv ny juWgq vrqfAux vflI srIrk ijLMmyvfrI smuWcy qOr qy pMjF nUM sONp idWqI.
ipWClyry ieiqhfs ‘c dfdU dI kWbr nUM klfm aqy pMjF rfhIN afp nUM qnKfhIaf krfr
dyxf; pMjF rfhIN dsmysL jI nUM cmkOr dI gVHI CWzx df hukm. pMj ipafiraF rfhIN
srIrk rUp ‘c pMQ aMdr gurbfxI juWgq nUM vrqfAux dy vfirs krfr dyx dy spsLWt
sbUq hn.
pMjF pfsoN dsmysL jI ny pfhul
leI?- aglf hukm, bdly hoey inXmF anusfr
sfiraF nUM nvyN isirAuN ‘KMzy dI pfhul’ lYx df sI. ieiqhfskfrF anusfr Aus
smyN 80,000
pRfxIaF ny pihlIaF pMkqF ‘c ‘KMzy dI pfhul’ nUM pRfpq kIqf. ieQy do glF
ivsLysL iDafn mMgdIaF hn. (1) pihly
pMj ipafiraF leI jo ‘KMzy dI pfhul’ df bftf iqafr hoieaf jF pihly pMjF nUM
CWkfieaf vI qF Auh dsmysL jI ny ieWkilaF afp hI sB kuJ kIqf sI. ikAuNik afp
pihlF qoN hI kyvl ‘pfhul pRfpq’ hI nhIN blik ‘gurU pd’ nUM vI pRfpq sn. (2)
hux jdoN bdly hoey nIXmf anusfr sfiraF nUM nvyN isirAuN pfhul lYx df hukm kIqf
qF pMj ipafiraF sfhmxy sWB qoN pihlF pysL vI apxy afp nUM kIqf-afiKr ikAuN?
drasl afp ny sfbq kr idWqf ik isWK Drm ‘c pRvysL df ZMg ivsfKI 1699
AupRMq kyvl ‘KMzy dI pfhul’ hI hY, iesqoN ielfvf hor koeI vI ZMg pRvfx nhIN.
apxy afp qoN sLurU krky ieh vI sfbq kr idWqf ik ‘crx pfhul’ df cldf af irhf
nIXm hux pUrI qrHF KLWqm kr idWqf igaf hY. ieMnf hI nhIN Aus smyN afp ny isWKF
dy nfvF ivc vI qbdIlLI krky sB qoN pihlF afp ‘goibMd rfey qoN ‘goibMd isMG’
ho gey aqy sMpUrx pMQ vfsqy vI hux iehI hukm sI.
‘pMQ dI isrjxf’ jF ‘Kflsf sfjnf’?-
1699 dy pfhul
sMcfr smfgm nUM ieiqhfs ‘c ‘Kflsf sfjnf idvs’ jF iPr ‘pMQ sfjnf’ dy
nfm nfl vI Xfd kIqf jFdf hY. cyqy rhy, pMQ inWqnymI, kysfDfrI, kMGfDfrI ieQoN
qIk ik kCihrf DfrI vI pihly jfmy qoN hI sI. jMgF ‘c kuwdx krky CyvyN jfmy qoN
sLsqRDfrI vI ho cuWkf sI. bfxI gurU df isDFq vI pihly jfmy qoN hI cldf af irhf
sI. awj qF bfxI vflI juWgq vrqfAux dI aqy isWK Drm ‘c pRvysL krvfAux dI
ijMmyvfrI vI pWky qOr qy ‘pfhul pRfpq pMjF dy rUp ‘c pMQ dy hvfly kr idwqI
geI. ienHF ‘c ‘kVf’ joVky pMj kkfrF nUM vI inXmq kr idWqf. iswKF dy nfvF
nfl-isMG ‘qy kOr-vfly sLbd pWky krky, pMQ nUM iek pRvfr df rUp dy idWqf qfik
jfq goq vflI pihcfx dI loV vI muWk jfvy. sB qoN vWzI qWbdIlI, ‘pfhul CWkfAux’
vflI ijLmyvfrI pMQ dy spurd kr dyxf sI.
iesqrHF nMgI qlvfr vfly ieimiqhfn ‘c ‘gurU hukmF qoN afpf
kurbfn krn vflI iqafrI ‘c pMQ 100%
nMbr lYky pfs hoieaf qF iswK nUM pfqsLfh ny pRsMn hoky ‘Kflsy’ dI AupfDI nfl
vI invfijaf. isWK nUM nvF bolf bKisLaf-"vfihgurU jI kf Kflsf ] vfihgurU
jI kI PLiqh]" iesy df nfm sI "pMQ dI jF Kflsy dI sfjnf". sfzf
Drm aQvf pMQ qF pihly jfmyN qoN hI pRgt kIqf jf cuWkf sI aqy ieh ‘pMQ’ sI ‘isWK
pMQ’ aWQvf ‘isWK Drm’. sfzf Drm aj vI isWK hY aqy rvygf vI ‘isWK’.
‘pRgt krnf’ jF ‘sfjnf’, dovyN glF iBMn-iBMn hn. ivsfKI 1699
nUM pMQ pRgt nhIN kIqf blik pMQ sfijaf igaf sI.
BWgdV
nhIN mWcI- kuJ
ieiqhfskfrF df ieh pRcfrxf ik sMn 1699 dI
ivsfKI nUM isWKF dy sIs mMgx qy sMgqF ‘c snftf Cf igaf, BWgdV mWc geI; kyvl
kpol klpnf hY. isWK qF pihly jfmy qoN hI pfhulDfrI sn. qMn-mMn-DMn gurU nUM sOpx
qoN bfd hI iksy nUM isWKI dI dfq imldI sI. CyvyN pfqsLfh ny cfr jMgf lVIaF.
AunHF pfs afpf kurbfn krn vfly isWKF dI hI PLOj sI. nONvyN pfqsLfh dI sLhfdq qoN
pihlF BfeI mqIdfs, idaflf ‘qy BfeI sqIdfs dI sLhfdq, gurU crxF qoN apxf afp
vfrx dI hI Bfvnf sI, ieh sLhfdqF iksy srkfrI hukm ‘c nhIN sn. sMn 1699
qIk isWKF ny CotIaF-vWzIaF lgBg 12
jMgF lVIaF ‘qy sfrIaF ijWqIaF vI sn. gurU ky isWK qF hr pWl guruU dy hukmF qoN
kurbfx hox vfilaF dI kWqfr ‘c KVy rihx vfilaF df hI nfm sI. Auh qF rihMdy hI
sLsqRF dI CF hyT sn. apxy gurU dy hukmF qoN rom-rom kurbfn krn vfly isWKF bfry
aijhf socxf ik ‘sMgqF ‘c snftf Cf igaf’ jF ‘BWgdV mWc geI’, gurU kIaF
sMgqF dI afn ‘qy sLfn dy iKlfP hY. ieh kyvl kpol klpnf qoN vWD hor kuJ nhIN.
ieh qF pUrn gurdyv vloN dWs jfimaF ‘c ‘afpf vfrx’ vflI krvfeI geI sMgqF dI
iqafrI qy vI ‘ikMqU’ krn dI byadbI krnf hY.
ivsfKI 1699 Kflsy
df jnmidn nhIN- kuJ
ieiqhfskfrF jF pRcfrkF rfhIN ivsfKI 1699 nUM
Kflsy df ‘jnm idn’ jF ‘KMzy dI pfhul’ (aMimRq CWkx) df arMB pRcfrxf,
vwzI BuWl hY. ieh gl, isWK Drm dy ipWCly 230
sflF dy ieiqhfs Aupr, isafhI Pyrx quWl hY. isWK Drm qF hY hI afid jugfdI Drm.
gurbfxI df PLYslf hY ‘ijsdf jnm hY Aus df mrn vI avWsL hY’. isWK Drm
df nf jnm hY ‘qy nf hI mrn. hF! mnuWK mfqr dy ies mUl Drm nUM iswK df nfm
bKisLaf gurU nfnk pfqsLfh ny. ‘gurbfxI isiKaf dy pfbMd hoey ibnF ‘isWK’
vflI avsQf dI pRfpqI hI sMBv nhIN’. drasl ivsfKI sMn 1699
pMQ df sfjnf idvs hY. ies dy arQ hn ies idn ‘bfxI dI juWgq’ vrqfAux vflI
ijLmyvfrI, pfhul pRfpq pMj ipafiraF dy rUp ‘c pMQ dy spurd kr idWqI geI.
‘isWK’ ‘Kflsf’ jF ‘isMG’, vWK-vwK sLbd nhIN.‘Kflsf jIvn’ qF isWK
vfsqy pihly jfmyN qoN hI insLcq kIqf igaf sI. sMn 1699
nUM qF Ausy hI isWK nUM Kflsy dy iKqfb nfl invfijaf. iesyqrHF isWK vfsqy hI ‘isMG’
lPLjL vI Ausdy nfvF ‘c qWbdIlI kfrn pRclq ho igaf. ‘crx pfhul’ dy rUp ‘c
pfhul df nIXm vI hriek isWK vfsqy pihly jfmy qoN hI jLrUrI sI. Ausy ‘crx pfhul’
dy bdly hoey ZMg df nfm sI ‘KMzy dI pfhul’ mWksd-afsLf AuhI sI; mnuWK dy
jIvn nUM bfxI dy crxF nfl joVxF.
anMdpur sfihb df iklHf CWzxf-
hr vfrI mUMh dI Kfx qoN bfd phfVI ihMdU rfijaF ‘qy mugl POjF dy BfrI jmfvVy ny
eI: sMn 1704
‘c anMdpur sfihb dy ikly nUM apxy Gyry ‘c lY ilaf. Cy mhIny Gyrf pfeI
rWiKaf. gurU ky bhfdur sUrimaF ny aMn dy ieWk ieWk dfxy qoN lfcfr hoky vI, gurU ipqf df sfQ
nhIN CWizaf. aMq vYrIaF ny aOrMgjyb kol apxI nWk rWKx vfsqy gAU qy kurfn dIaF
JUTIaF ksmF KfDIaF. qWrly kWZy-gurdyv iklHf KflI kr dyx, Auh kuJ nhIN kihxgy.
mWksd AuhI sI, pfqsLfh nUM DoKy nfl bMdI bnfAuxf jF sLhId krnf. juWD nIqI ‘c
inpuMn gurdyv iek pfsy qF isWKF nUM smJfAuxf cfhuMdy sn ik jMg dy mYdfn ‘c
dusLmx hjLfrF-lWKF ksmF Kf lvy, XkIn lfiek nhIN huMdf. dUjf-anMdpur vfsIaF nUM
lMmI lVfeI sWdkf ijnHF musLklF ‘coN lMGxf pY irhf sI, AunHF nUM AusqoN injfq
duafAuxI cfhuMdy sn. aMq gurdyv ny iklHf KLflI krn df PLYslf kr ilaf.
srsf df jMg aqy pRvfr ivCoVf-
gurdyv ny iklHy df tuWtf-PuWtf sfmfn,
juWD Kyqr ‘c PYlIaF hWzIaF, juWqIaF, kWcrf afid suMdr mWKmlI dusLfilaF ‘c
ilptvfky KWcrF qy lWdvf, sfry sfmfn nUM aWgy-aWgy tor idWqf. dusLmx ny kImqI mfl
jfxky, apxy sfry vfdy-sohF iCWky qy tMg, rfq dy hnyry ‘c hmlf kr idWqf. gurdyv
isWKF nUM iehI qF smJfAuxf cfhuMdy sn. kfPLlf aWgy inkl igaf; dusLmx ny rfq dy
hnyry ‘c apxIaF hI POjF nUM mrvfieaf. vYrI ny ieQy vI mUMh dI KfDI, nf hI
gurdyv nUM bMdI bxf sikaf ‘qy nf hI sLhId kr sikaf. blik Ausny jo apxf
jfnI-mflI nuksfn AuTfieaf ‘qy sLRimMdgI AuTfeI, Auh vfDy dI. srsf ndI pfr krdy
smyN dusLmx ny iPr hmlf bol idWqf. iBafnk juWD hoieaf, brsfqI ndI kfrx Aus vWkq
ndI ‘c BfrI hWV afieaf hoieaf sI. amulf sfihq jo pfAUNtf sfihb ‘c ricaf igaf
sI aqy anykF isMG vI srsf ‘c vih gey jF ivCWV gey. gurU jI df pRvfr vI
KyrUM-KyrUM ho ky iqMn ihWisaF ‘c vMizaf igaf. mfqf gujrI jI, Coty do
sfihbjLfidaF nfl aWz ho gey. mfqf suMdr kor, BfeI mnI isMG jI nfl Bys bdlky
idWlI nUM inkl gey. Ausy Xfd ‘c ieQy gurduafrf ‘pRvfr ivCOVf’ mOjUd
hY. do vWzy sfihbjLfdy ‘qy 40
PWtV isWKF nfl gurdyv ndI pfr kr, cmkOr dI kWcI gVHI ‘c jf itWky. ieh gVHI
gurU ky isWK BfeI buDI cMd dI sI. anykF isWK jo pfxI ‘c bih gey pr jIvq bWc
gey, jdoN surq afeI-qWd qIk KLWbrF sn ik gurdyv cmkOr dI gVHI ‘c sLhId ho
cuWkyy hn. Auh vI mflvy-mfJy apxy GrF nUM muVx leI mjbUr ho gey.
cmkOr dI byimsfl, byjoV jMg-
ieWDr dusLmx ny cmkOr dI gVHI nUM Gyr ilaf. aMdr gurU pfqsLfh, do vWzy sfihbjfdy
aqy BuWKy jLKmI kyvl cflI isMG; bfhr lWKF df Gyrf. dunIaF dy ieiqhfs ‘c ieho
ijhI byjoV jMg dI ikWDry imsfl nhIN imlygI. isMGF ny kmfl dI bhfdurI idKfeI,
iksy ny idWl nhIN hfiraf, GuWtny nhIN tyky, dusLmx aWgy smrpx nhIN kIqf. sfrf
idn, Coty-Coty jWQaF ‘c dusLmx dy afhU lFdy rhy. ieQy dOvyN vWzy sfihbjLfdy vI
sLhId ho gey pr gurdyv ny ieWk aWQrU nhIN kyiraf. aMq pMj isMGF dy rUp ‘c pMQ
dy hukm agy isr Jukfieaf ‘qy gVHI ‘coN inkl gey. Auh vI corI nhIN inkly,
blik rfq dy hnyry ‘c pfqsLfh ny qfVI mfrky dusLmx nUM sucyq kIqf aqy BfeI
dieaf isMG qy BfeI mfn isMG-do isMGF nfl dusLmx dIaF POjF nUM cIrdy hoey
mfCIvfVy jf puWjy. dusLmx df insLfnf qF gurdyv nUM jIvq pWkVx jF sLhId krn df sI
pr ieQy vI AusyqrHF hI mUMh dI KfDI. Aus Xfd ‘c ieQy ‘gurduafrf qfVI sfihb’
mOjUd hY.
jLPrnfmf- dInf
ngr puWjky pfqsLfh nUM do Coty sfihbjLfdy aqy mfqf gujrI bfry srhMd ivKy hoeI
sLhfdq dI KLWbr imlI. gurdyv ny ieQoN aOrMgjLyb nUM PfrsI ‘c ‘jLPrnfmf’
nfmk ieiqhfsk icWTI ilKI. ‘jLPrnfmf’ dy arQ hn ‘ijWq dI icWTI. icWTI nUM
pVHx mgroN jdoN aOrMgjLyb nUM aslIaq df pqf lgf qF Auh mrn qIk ies afqmiglfnI
qoN nhIN AuWBr sikaf. iehI sWdmf AusdI mOq df kfrn vI bixaf.
muWkqsr dI ieiqhfsk jMg- AuprMq
gurdyv mOjUdf muWkqsr dy sQfn qy puWjy, iesnUM Aus smyN ‘KWdrfny dI Zfb’
krky jfixaf jFdf sI. vYrI dIaF POjF ieQy vI afp df ipWCf kr rhIaF sn. ieWQy iPr
iBafnk aqy aMqm jMg hoeI. srsf ndI qoN ivWCVy lgBg 40 isMG
BfeI mhF isMG aqy mfqf Bfg kOr dI kmfn hyT muV jWQybMd hoky ‘qy nvIN kumk lYky
rfimafxy dy sQfn qy gurdyv nUM agoN hoky af imly sn. iehI jWQf muWkqsr dI jMg
smyN aWgy ho ky morcfbMd hoieaf. gurdyv Zfb qy[Klo ky apxIaF PLOjF dI kmfn kr
rhy sn.jMg ‘c Pqih iPLr gurdyv dI hI hoeI, dusLmx dIaF POjF BFj Kf ky mYdfn
KflI kr geIaF.
gurdyv Zfb qoN hyTF Auqry, BfeI mhF isMG ‘qy mfqf Bfg kor
ajy jIivq sn. BfeI mhF isMG nUM srsf dy jMg dOrfn, pfqsLfh qoN ivWCV jfn df mlfl
sI. pfqsLfh ny Aus nUM DIrj idWqI aqy PLurmfieaf ik Auh qF ivWCV ky vI mn krky
gurU nfl juVy hoey sn, gurU qoN tuWty nhIN sn. iesy Xfd ‘c Aus sQfn qy
gurduafrf ‘tuWtI gMZI’ aWj vI mOjUd hY. gurdyv ny ieWk-ieWk sLhId isWK df
muWKVf afp sfPL kIqf, ipafiraf aqy ‘myrf pMj hjLfrI’ ‘myrf dWs hjLfrI’
afid dy iKLqfbF nfl invfijaf. DrqI nUM muWkqsr df suMdr ieiqhfsk nfm vI
bKLisLaf. ijs sQfn ‘qy sLhId isWKF df sskfr kIqf igaf, Aus Xfd ‘c AuQy ‘gurduafrf
sLhId gMj’ mOjUd hY.
afid bIV dI sMpUrnqf-
AupRMq pfqsLfh dmdmf sfihb, sfbokI qlvMzI ijLlf biTMzf puWjy. iesnUM aj Kflsy df
pMjvF qWKLq ielfixaf jf cuWkf hY. isWK ieiqhfs anusfr ieQy gurU sfihb ny afid
bIV ‘c nOvyN pfqsLfh dI bfxI BfeI mnI isMG qoN afp drj krvfky bIV nUM sMpUrn
kIqf. ieQoN dy hI gurUdr qoN vfry vfry jfx vfly cODrI zWlf ny pfqsLfh qoN ‘pfhul’
pRfpq kIqI ‘qy AusnUM BfeI zWlf isMG bxfieaf. AusdI aMsL hux qIk pfhulDfrI hY.
nvIaF KojF anusfr bIV dI sMpUrxqf ivsfKI sMn 1699
qoN pihlF hI krvfeI jf cuWkI sI.
aOrMgjLyb dI mOq- ‘jLPLrnfmf’
pVHx qoN bfd aorMgjLyb gurU pfqsLfh nUM imlx leI Auqfvlf sI. gurdyv sMn 1706
eI: ‘c aOrMgjLyb dy swdy qy AusnUM
imlx vfsqy dwKx vwl nUM cWl pey. mulfkfq qoN pihlF hI aOrMgjLyb dI aOrMgfbfd dy
sQfn qy mOq ho geI. Ausdy puwqr muajLm (bfd ‘c bhfdr sLfh) dI bynqI qy gurdyv
ny AusdI mWdd kIqI aqy Aus nUM idwlI dy qWKq qy ibTfieaf.
bYrfgI qoN bMdf isMG bhfdur-
bMdf isMG bhfdur df jnm, jMmU puxC ‘c
hoieaf sI. ies df pihlf nfm lCmx dfs ‘qy huxN mfDodfs bYrfgI sI. hux qIk ieh
apxy ikMny hI gurU bdl cuWkf sI pr iksy qoN vI iehdI qsWlLI nf hoeI. hux ieh,
irWDIaF-isWDIaF dy Jmyly ‘c PWs cuWkf df sI. afm lok iehdy srfpF-krOpIaF qoN
zWry-sihmy rihMdy sn. gurdyv AuhnUM, Ayusdy afsLRm Aupr jfky imly. Aus smyN ieh
apxy afsLRm ‘c nhIN sI, imlfp AupRMq, Auhdf jIvn bdilaf. Ausny afpxy afp nUM
gurU pfqsLfh dy smrpx kr idWqf. gurdyv rfhI Ausdf nF puWCx qy kihx lgf ‘pfqsLfh
mYN hux quhfzf hI bMdf hF’. gurdyv ny AuhnUM pfhul bKLsLI, bYrfgI qoN iswK
sjfieaf aqy Ausdf nfm gurbKLsL isMG rWiKaf. iehI gurbKsL isMG bfd ‘c ‘bMdf
isMG bhfdur’ krky msLhUr hoieaf. pfqsLfh ny AusnUM pMj ipafiraF dI kmfn hyT
pMQ df jrnYl Qfp ky pMjfb vl qoiraf. Aus nUM sUbf srcMd ‘qy hor jLflmF dI
suDfeI df kMm sONipaf igaf. gurdyv ny AuhdI kmfn hyT kMm krn leIy isMGF nUM
hukmnfmy Byjy. AupRMq bMdy ny, jLflmF nUM soiDaf, ijWqF hfsl kIqIaF ‘qy Kflsf
rfj vI kfiem kIqf. bMdI ho jfx qoN bfd ijs sUrmgqI nfl isWKI isWdk inBfAuNdy,
ies ny lfsfnI sLhfdq pRfpq kIqI, Auh iek vwKrf ieiqhfs hY.
gurgWdI sONpnf aqy joqI joq smfAuxf-
18 agsq, sMn 1708
eI: nUM sUby srhMd vjLId KF dy Byjy do pTfnF ny gurdyv qy DoKy nfl CuWry df vfr
kIqf. iek nUM qF gurdyv ny AuQy hI pfr bulf idWqf aqy dUjy nUM gurU ky isWKF ny
jhnm rsId krvf idWqf; ijrfh (hkIm) ny jLKm sIa idWqy. jLKm qF hry ho cuWky sn pr
ieWk idn BfrI icWlf cVHfAux qy jLKm iPr KuWlH gey. pfqsLfh ny mlHm pWtI qoN mnHf
kr idWqf. hukm kIqf ik sfnUM akflpurK df sWdf af cuWkf hY.
aMq 6
akqUbr sMn 1708-
dWKx sRI nfdyV sfihb dy sQfn qy dsmysL jI ny iek ivsLysL smfgm kIqf. sfihb sRI
gurU gRMQ sfihb jI dI qfibaf pMj ipafiraF nUM KVf krky, sRI gurU gRMQ sfihb jI
dy sMnmuK mWQf tyk idWqf. iesqrHF spWsLt kr idWqf ik gurbfxI df KjLfnf sMpUrx ho
cukf hY aqy ies df srUp ‘sihb sRI gurU gRMQ sfih jI’ hn aqy ienHF qON pRfpq
juWgq anusfr hI, pMj ipafiraF ny pMMQ dI agvfeI krnI hY. ies smyN afpjI df
PLurmfn sI- pUjf akflpurKu kI - prcf sLbd kf - dIdfr KLflsy kf.
bfxI dy gurU hox vflI gl qF pihly jfmy qo hI spsLWt kIqI jf
rhI sI. ieh qF kyvl srUp dI sMpUrxqf df aYlfn sI. spsLWt kr idWqf ik ‘sfihb
sRI gurU gRMQ sfihb jI’ aMdr drj bfxI hI isWK sMgqF vfsqy gurU hY AusqoN agy
ipCy nhIN hoxf (prcf sLbd kf). mWqlb ieh ik isWK ny ies gRMQ ivWcly ‘gurbfxI’
dy igafn qoN bfhr iksy nUM ‘gurU’ krky nf hI mMxnf hY aqy nf hI iksy nUM ‘gurU’
quWl jfxnf hY.
joq gMRQ ivc, juWgq pMQ ivc-
"pUjf akfl purK kI-prcf sLbd kf- dIdfr
Kflsy kf" ies df mWqlb hY ik ‘gurbfxI’ dI juWgq nUM pMQ pRvfxq ‘pMj
ipairaF’ ny ienHF iqMnF vfkF dy dfiery ‘c rihky hI vrqfAuxf hY. iehI sI
gurbfxI dy sMpUrx srUp nUM gurgWdI dI sOpxf. ieh kihxf ik srIr vflI gl hI KLWqm
kr idWqI, bfxI isDFq nfl myl nhIN KFdI. PLYslf hY "joiq Ehf jugiq sfie
sih kfieaf Pyir pltIaY" (pM:966)
suafl qF kyvl ieMnf hY ik pMQ ny ikhVf
ZMg vrqxf hY qfik smyN smyN nfl nIXq kIqy ‘pMj ipafry’ "pUjf akfl
purK kI-prcf sLbd kf-dIdfr Kflsy kf" vflI apxI sImF ‘c rihky hI kMm
krn. ieh ‘pMj ipafry’ kdy vI sdIvI jF iksy Auhdy nUM muWK rKky pMQ Aupr nhIN
Qopy jf skdy. ieh sWcfeI vI dsmysL jI ny apxy jIvn kfl ‘c hI pRgt kr idWqI sI.
ivsfKI 1699,
AupRMq dfdU dI kWbr vflI GWtnf, cmkOr dy sfky smyN, bfbf bMdf isMG nUM pMjfb
Byjx smy, nfdyV sfihb dI ajOkI GWtxf-pMj ipafry, hr smyN iBMn-iBMn sn.
gurbfxI gurU dI gl pihly jfmy qoN hI pWkI kIqI jf cuWkI sI.
Aus gurU rUpI sdIvI joq qoN pRgt hox vflI juWgq Bfv ‘jIvn jfc’vI sdIvI aqy
bfxI dy aMdr hI sI. juWgq GVHx vflI gl vI dsmysL jI rfhINN sMpUrx ho cuWkI sI.
juWgq vrqfAux dI srIrk ijMmyvfrI vI ivsfKI 1699
qIk dWs srUpF rfhI pfqsLfh ny afp vrqfeI aqy Aus idn qoN ieh srIrk ijLmyvfrI vI
pMQ nUM sONp idqI geI sI. PLYslf idwqf ik sfihb sRI gurU gRMQ sfihb jI hI
akflpuRrKu df ‘sLbd-bfxI’ dy sLuD aqy sMpUrn srUp hn. gurbfxI Bfv ‘gurU
gRMQ sfihb’ jI dI isiKaf anusfr cly ibnF koeI isWK nhIN-iehI hY ‘joq gMRQ
ivc aqy juWgq pMQ ivc’.
juWgq bnfAuxI aqy jugWq vrqfAuxI-
dsmysL jI dI jIvnI qoN, ieh gl BlI BFq AuGV ky sfihmxy afAuNdI hY ik ‘juWgq
bnfAuxI’ hor gl hY aqy ‘jugWq vrqfAuxI’ dUjI gl hY."joiq
Ehf jugiq sfie " (pM:966)
gurbfxI dy PLurmfn aqy
6 akqUbr sMn 1708
vflI ieiqhfsk GWtxf jdoN pfqsLfh ny gurbfxI dy srUp ‘sfihb sRI gurU gRMQ sfihb’
jI Aupr sMpUrxqf dI morh lgf idWqI qF iesqrHF spWsLt kr idWqf ik nf hI qF joq
rUp ‘gurU gRMQ sfihb’ jI dI bfxI ‘c hun koeI vfDf-Gftf ho skdf hY aqy nf
hI ies srUp qoN pRgt hox vflI ‘jIvn juWgq jF jIvn-jfc’ ‘c hI ikAuNik
"joiq Ehf jugiq sfie " df PLurmfn iesy dI AugfhI Br irhf hY.
juWgq vflI sWcfeI nUM qF asIN ieiqhfs dy JroKy coN sihjy hI dyK skdy hF ijvyN(1)
ivsfKI sMn 1699
qIk isWK Drm ‘c pRvysL df ZMg ‘crx pfhul’ sI pr pMQ dy spurd krdy smyN
dsmysL jI ny iesnUM ‘KMzy dI pfhul’ ‘c bdl idWqf. hflFik mqlb AuhI irhf pr
‘KMzy dI pfhul’ vflf ZMg sdIvI hY ies ‘c rihdI dunIaf qIk qWbdIlI nhIN ho
skdI. (2) pihlF isWK Drm ‘c pRvysL AupRMq nfvF ‘c qbdIlI nhIN sI huMdI.
iesdy Ault hux hr ieWk isWK vIr jF bIbI dy nfm nfloN purfnI jfq-goq vflI pihcfx
KWqm krky isMG ‘qy kOr vflf srUp bKsL idWqf. gurU ky isWKF dy nfvF dy nfl ieh
qbdIlI hux sdIv kfl vfsqy hn.
dyKx dI gl hY ik ienHF donF qwbdIlIaF df sMbMD pMQk juWgq nfl
hY aqy iesdf hWk vI kyvl dWsF srUpF nUM hI sI pr pMQ kol ajyhf koeI hWk nf hY-nf
kdy hovygf hI. ieQoN ieh gl vI spWsLt ho jfxI cfhIdI hY jdoN ik asIN ieh mMn
bYTdy hF ik pMQ hI gurU hY jF ‘gurU pMQ hY’ qF ieh dovyN glF isWK isDFq nfl
myl nhIN KFdIaF. iesdy leI jdNo sWcfeI AuGV ky sfhmxy afAuNdI hY qF asl lPLjL
sfbq huMdf hY ‘gurU kf pMQ’. sLfied vWkq dI dOV nfl asIN ies ivcoN ‘kf’
lPLjL hI ivsfr bYTy qy pRcfrnf sLurU kr idWqf ‘gurU pMQ’. dUjy lPLjLF ‘c
jy kr sWcmuc ‘pMQ’ afp hI gurU hY qF pMQ nUM ‘gurU’ dI loV hI ikWQy rih
jFdI hY pr ioeh mMn lYxf jF kihxf vI iqMn kfl hI sMBv nhIN-gurU qoN ibnF qF pMQ
dI hoNd hI ikWQy rih geI.
smJx df ivsLf hY ik gurU qF srb smrQ hY, Auh bfxI GWV skdf
hY, dUijaF dIaF rcnfvF nUM pRvfn krky apxI brfbrI vI dy skdf hY, ijvyN 15
BgqF, 11
BWtF ‘qy iqMn isWKF dIaF rWcnfvF ‘sihb sRI gurU gRMQ sfihb ‘c drj hn.
iesyqrHF guru nvIN juWgq nUM GWV ky jF Aus ‘c qWbdIlI krky vI vrqf skdf hY. pr
pMQ ieh dovyN kfrj nhIN kr skdf pMQ qF kyvl bfxI dy dfiery ‘c rihky hI Aus
sdIvI juWgq nUM ‘smUhk pMj ipafiraF/ dy rUp ‘c vrqf skdf hY. vWzI loV hY,
pMQ aqy gurU vfly ies muWZly PLrk nUM BlI BFq smJx dI .
‘dsvyN pfqsLfh kf gRMQ’ aqy ‘dsm gRMQ’-
sMgqF pfs pihlF qoN jo bIVF mOjUd sn, AunHF ‘c nOvyN pfqsLfh dI bfxI drj nhIN
sI. dsmysL jI rfhIN bIV ‘c nOvyN pfqsLfh dI bfxI nUM drj krvfky, bIV nUM
sMpUrn kIqf igaf. hux sMgqF pfs do qrHF dIaF aWz-aWz bIVF sn. vwkqI qOr qy
pihcfx vfsqy nOvyN pfqsLfh dI bfxI rfhIN sMpUrn bIVF nUM "dsvyN pfqsLfh
kf gRMQ" krky jfixaf jfx lgf. ieiqhfs ‘c afey iesy lPjL df lfB AuTf
ky, ivroDIaF vloN ivWcly smyN ‘c ‘dsm gMRQ’ nfm dI ieWk hor rcnf pMQ ‘c
pRclq kr idWqI geI. ivdvfnF anusfr ies ‘c vWD qoN vWD pMj rcnfvF ‘jfpu
sfihb, akfl AusqWq (aMqm dyvI AusqWq vfly slok CWzky), 33
svXY, kuJ sLbd
hjLfry ‘qy jLPrnfm’ hI dsmysL jI dIaF ho skdIaF hn. AuMJ ieh rcnfvF vI gurU
gRMQ sfihb ‘c drj nhIN hn. bfkI qF gurmwq nfl AuWkf myl hI nhIN KFdIaF.
ivroDIaF vloN aWj iesy ‘dsm gMRQ’ dI tyk lYky ‘sRI gurU gMRQ jI’ dI
brfbrI krvfAux dy koJy jwqn kIqy jf rhy hn, jo iqMn kfl sMBv nhIN. pMQ nUM sucyq
rihx dI loV hY. dsmysL jI ny kyvl ‘sRI gurU gMRQ jI’ nUM hI sMpUrxqf aqy
gurgWdI bKsLI iksy hor gRMQ jF rcnf nUM nhIN. hor koeI vI rcnf gurbfxI quWl nhIN
mMnI jf skdI.
pMj ipafiraF dI kfrj sImF-
smyN-smyN qy loV anusfr pMQ vloN pRvfxq
pMj ipafiraF dI kfrj sImF ijhVI dsmysL jI ny pWkI kIqI, Auh hY-
pUjf akflpurKu kI-prcf sLbd kf-dIdfr Kflsy kf- Bfv
pMj ipafry ijnHF ny gurbfxI dI juWgq nUM aMdr vrqfAuxf hY AunHF leI kfrj sImF
kdy nhIN bdl skdI aqy ieh kfrj sImF nMbrvfr iesqrHF hY:-
(A) gurbfxI juWgq nUM, kyvl akflpurKu dy BX ‘c rihky hI
vrqfAuxf hY. iksy hor dy BX, cfplUsI, pWKpfq, KuMdk aDIn hoky jF iksy suafrQ vWs
nhIN. drasl gurbfxI hI akflpurKu df sLuWD pRgtfvf vI hY.
(a) iehnF pMjF vfsqy kyvl ‘KMzy dI pfhul’ df DfrnI hoxf
hI kfPLI nhIN, blik ieh pMj ipafry bfxI dy DurMDr ivdvfn hoxy vI jLrUrI hn qfik
ienHF df idWqf jF kIqf PYslf qy syD, bfxI ivcfrDfrf qoN bfhr nf jFdI hovy.
(e) ieh pMj ipafry injI jIvn aqy srUp Bfv dohF pWKF qoN
iddfrI hoxy jrUrI hn. AunHF df kyvl pMj kkfrI hoxf hI ‘dIdfrI hoxf kfPLI nhIN,
ienHF sWjxf df apxy inWq dy jIvn ‘c vI bfxI anusfr ivWcrdy hoxf jLrUrI hY.
blik ieh vI jLrUrI hY ik Auh afp hI iksy aKOqI sMq, sfD, mhfrfj jF BfeI sfihb
qoN pRfpq jIvn dfiery ‘c hI PLWsy nf hox. #01s
93.10s05#
Including this Gurmat Lesson No 01
jIvn JWlk-dsmysL ipqf
sfihb sRI gurU goibMd isMG jI
For all the Gurmat Lessons written by ‘Principal Giani
Surjit Singh’ Sikh Missionary, Delhi, all the rights are reserverd with the
writer, but easily available for Distribution within ‘Guru Ki Sangat’ with
an intention of Gurmat Parsar, at quite a nominal printing cost i.e. mostly Rs
200/- to 300/- (in rare cases upto 500/-)per hundred copies .
(+P&P.Extra) From ‘Gurmat Education Centre, Delhi’, Postal Address-
J-IV/46- II Fl. Old D/S Lajpat Nagar.-4 New Delhi-110024 Ph. 91-11-26487315 Cell
9811292808
web site- www.gurbaniguru.com
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