jdoN qoN inrml inafrf iswK pMQ, siqgurU jI ny sfijaf hY,
AudoN qoN hI ies dy kilafxkfrI gurAupdyÈF ƒ lotU pujfrI ÈRyxIaF vwloN kYrI
awK nfl vyiKaf jf irhf hY. ikAuNik gurmq vihmF, BrmF ivwc pfky dUijaF dy hwkF qy
zfkf mfrn vfilaF ƒ iksy kImq qy pRvfn nhIN krdI. BfvyN ÈkqIÈflI rfjy BI ikAuN
nf hox. jy Auh lok ihqU nhIN hn, qF siqgurU jI ny AuhnF ƒ BI sÉq iPtkfrF
pfeIaF hn. qIjy QF afAuNdI hY afm pbilk, iswDy sfdy lok. iehnF dI pVHfeI nFh hox
dy brfbr huMdI hY, afpxy pRvfr dI pflxf krnI, ikrq kridaF bhuqf vkq gujfrnf, Drm
krm ƒ iewk rsm dy qOr qy inBfAuNdy cly jfxf. hkUmq aqy pujfrI afm hflqF ivwc
iehnF ƒ igafnvfn bxn qoN, hr qrIkf vrq ky rokdy hn. rfjf qy pujfrI ijvyN idl
cfhy, iehnF dI AuWn (jF Kwl) lfhuMdy rihx. iehnF ny ies vrqfry ƒ iksmq df
iliKaf mMn ky isr Jukf dyxf hY. pujfrI toly Drm isDFqF dy mnmrjI dy arQ krdy
rihx. iksy ƒ nrk ivwc qy iksy ƒ svrg Byjdy rihx. miraF jMimaF qoN BrmF ivwc pf
ky luwtky KFdy rihx. rfijaF amIrF aqy hor ÈkqIvfn lokF ƒ ‘‘aslI DrmI`` hox
dy srtIPIkyt jfrI krdy rihx. pwQr dIaF mUrqIaF ƒ rwb bxf ky pUjf krvf lYx jF
iPr Kud hI Kudf hox df aYlfn kr dyx, sB pRvfn krnf pvygf. jy koeI iensfn qrk
dlIl jF isafxp dI gwl kry, iehnF lokF vwloN kIqI geI Drm dI ivafiKaf ƒ pRvfn nf
kry, qF Aus ivakqI ƒ Drm doKI afK ky koeI BI sËf idwqI jf skdI hY. smyq mOq
dy.
ivcfr aDIn mslf rfg mflf df hY! kI iesdI koeI sfrQkqf hY ? kI
gurbfxI nfl iesdf koeI AupdyÈ imldf hY ? kI siqgurU arjn sfihb jI ny ies ƒ Kud
iliKaf hY ? iswKF df suBf hI bx igaf hY ik msly inbyVn, sfrQk PYslf krn dI QF,
ltkfAux ivwc hI ibhqrI smJx lwg pey. ‘‘awj df idn lMGfE kwlH ƒ vyKI
jfeygI.`` dsm gRMQ ijs idn qoN hoNd ivwc afieaf hY, Ausy idn qoN ivvfdF ivwc hY.
gurU gRMQ sfihb dy inrml AupdyÈF df Gfx kr irhf hY. dsm pfiqÈfh jI dI pivwqr
ÈÉsIaq ƒ mlIn kr irhf hY. iPr BI sfzy ‘‘pRBUaF`` ny kdI gMBIrqf nfl ies
pfsy iDafn nhIN idwqf. gurU nfnk inrMkfrI jI ny afpxy lMmy pRcfr dOiraF vkq,
siqkfr Xog BgqF dI bfxI dy Auqfry krky, afpxy kol sMBfl ley. afpxI bfxI smyq
gurgwdI dyx vkq ieh sfrf KËfnf gurU aMgd sfihb jI ƒ pRfpq hoieaf. AuhnF qoN
gurU amrdfs jI ƒ awgoN cOQy pfiqÈfh rfhIN, pMjvyN nfnk jI ƒ sfrf ‘‘ipAu
dfdy df KËfnf`` iml igaf. AuhnF ny BfeI gurdfs jI ƒ hukm dy ky pfvn bfxI ƒ
qrqIb isr ilKvfieaf. apxI bfxI BI Èfiml krn leI BfeI jI dy hvfly kr idwqI. sfrf
vwzyrI ijMmyvfrI vflf kMm siqgurU jI ny afpxI inwjI dyK ryK ivwc krvfieaf. ijwQy
ikqy Xog jfixaf, afpxIaF sMpfdkI itwpxIaF BI drj kIqIaF. lMmIaF bfxIaF jF vfrF
dy isrlyK qy DunIaF Kud klmbMd kIqIaF. iksy iewk pMkqI qwk df BulyKf nhIN rihx
idwqf.
gurU ieiqhfs ivwc qy iswK ieiqhfs ivwc pMQ doKIaF ny imlfvt
krn df koeI mOkf nhIN KuMJx idwqf. QF QF siqgurU sfihbfn jI dy pfk jIvn ƒ klMkq
krn dIaF sfijÈI mMd cflF cwlIaf geIaF. iswK sUrimaF qy prAupkfrI gurmuKF ƒ BI
sB hIly vrq ky bypq krn df koJf Xqn kIqf igaf. gurbfxI ivwc imlfvt krn leI awzI
cotI df Ëor lfieaf igaf. pr siqgurU jI dI dUr aMdyÈ soc ny, KqiraF ƒ agfAuN
BFpidaF, aijhf bfnxUM bMnH idwqf ik lwK jqn krn qy BI, koeI pfvn gurbfxI ivwc
rlf nf pf sky. ivafkrxk inXm aqy igxqI pRbMD ieqnf pfeydfr hY ik ies ƒ qoV ky
koeI Èbd pMkqI pfAuxI asMBv bxf idwqI geI. hF afKrI pwqry poQI sfihb dy KflI
sn, AuQy hI koeI imlfvt kIqI jf skdI sI. ieQy hI imlfvt kIqI geI. afE rfgmflf
bfry iewk iewk nukqf lY ky ivcfr krIey -
1[ jo rfg gurU gRMQ sfihb ivwc mOjUd hn pr rfg mflf ivwc
nhIN hn -
1-mfJ, 2-ibhfgVf, 3-vzhMs, 4-jYqsrI, 5-rfmklI, 6-mflI
gAuVf, 7-quKfrI, 8-pRBfqI, qy 9-jYjfvMqI
jy rfgmflf siqgurU jI dI ikrq huMdI qF kI iehnF rfgF ƒ Èfml
nf krn dI ‘‘Buwl`` kr skdy sn ?
2[ Èbd bxqr - Èbd joV dIaF gqlIaF
gurU gRMQ sfihb rfgmflf
iblfvlu - iblfvlI
lilq - llq
BYrAu - BYrv
iqlMg - qYlMgI
mflI gAUVf - gAurf
kilafxu - klHfnf
bYrfVI - bYrfrI
sUhI - sUhAu
mlfr - mlfrI
3[ gurU arjn sfihb jI ƒ iswKF bynqI kIqI-jI koeI ivAUNq
bxfAu. lok nfnk nfm vflIaF kivqfvF ilK rhy hn.
‘‘imhrvfn puq iprQIey df kvIsrI kry,
Bog gurU nfnk jI df pfeI.`` (36)
krqfrpurI bIV ivwc, muMdfvxI qoN bfad BI keI kcIaF rcnfvF drj
hn, jo lMmI ivcfr qoN mgroN kwt idwqIaF geIaF. ijvyN pRfx sMglI, ihkfieqF aqy
hor keI kuwJ. pr aPsos ik aYn afKrI mOky BfeI vIr isMG ny pYNqVf bdl ilaf, apxy
aKbfr ‘‘Kflsf smfcfr`` ivwc iesdy hwk ivwc ilKxf ÈurU kr idwqf. Aus vkq vIr
isMG df iswK hlikaF ivwc vwzf prBfv sI. ijs kfrn rfgmflf dy ivruwD PYslf huMdf
hoieaf BI ivckfr atk igaf. iswK rihq mirafdf ivwc 1945 ƒ ieh ilKx leI mËbUr
hoxf ipaf ik ‘‘rfgmflf pVHo cfhy nf pVHo.`` Bog cldI sQfnk rIq muqfbk pf
idE.
4[ cIP Kflsf dIvfn (aMimRqsr) vfilaF ‘‘iewk gupq pwqr``
BfeI kfhn isMG nfBf dy nfm hyT Kflsf smfcfr ivwc Cfipaf. ijs df sfrMÈ ieh sI ik
‘‘kfhn isMG ny rfg mflf bfry apxI rfey bdl leI hY.`` ies dy pRqIkrm vjoN,
BfeI kfhn isMG qoN pMQ syvk aKbfr rfhIN puwiCaf igaf ik kI qusIN vfikaf hI rfg
mflf bfry apxI rfey bdl leI hY ? ijvyN BI quhfzy ivcfr hn qusIN Éud siQqI
spwÈt kro. ikAuNik quhfzy nfm qy aKbfr ivwc iewk icwTI CpI hY, ijs kfrn afm
iswK dubDf gRsq hY. BfeI kfhn isMG ny spwÈt iliKaf - iswK vIrF BYxF ƒ mYN
dwsxf cfhuMdf hF ik afm iswK jn smUMh ƒ, ivwidaf pVHn dI aqy Koj krn dI, koeI
idlcspI nhIN hY. mYN iewk KojI dI hYsIaq ivwc, AuhnF BfeIaF ƒ slfh idMdf hF ik
qusIN krqfr purI bIV Kud vyKo pVo, Ausy ivwc ‘‘rfgmflf dy ivruwD`` akwt sbUq
mOjUd hn. pVo qqkry dy aMq pur ieh iliKaf hoieaf hY - sMmq 1661 imqI BfdoN vdI
ñ, (eykm) poQI ilK phuMcy. gurU bfbf jI dy sfry pqry 974``. iDafn nfl vyKxf 973
nM: pwqry qy muMdfvxI hY. pwqrf 974 sfrf KflI ipaf hY. bfkI sfrf kuJ smyq
rfgmflf dy iehnF 974 pqiraF qoN bfhr hY, so Auh gurU ikRq nhIN hY. iesy leI gurU
bfby dI bfxI df aMg nhIN hY. (110)
5[ gurU gRMQ sfihb ivwc Èfiml sfry rfg pRvfny gey hn rfgxI
koeI nhIN hY. kuJ iewk iesqrI ilMg pRqIq hox vfly rfg BI rfgxIaF nhIN hn, pUry
rfg mMny gey hn. imsfl leI - afsfvrI, gUjrI, dyvgMDfrI, bYrfVI, sUhI, jYjfvMqI,
afid. gurmq sMgIq ividaflf, rkfb gMj idwlI dy ipRMsIpl, sR: idafl isMG ny iewk
bVf BfvpUrq lyK mfisk pwqr ‘‘aMimRq kIrqn, pRo: qfrf isMG aMk nM: 5, 9 jnvrI
1990 ƒ iliKaf sI. ijsdf sfrMÈ ies qrHF hY :-
rfgmflf nfmI bhuq kivqfvF ilKIaF geIaF hn, ijnHF ivwcoN kuJ
dy nfm ieh hn - (1) puMzrIk ivTul dI rfgmflf (1515 qoN 1584 eI:) gurU gRMQ dI
sMpfdnf qoN qIh sfl pihlF ilKI geI.
(2) Xsod nMd sukl dI rfgmflf - ilKx df smf - 1758 eI:
(3) lCmx dfs dI rfgmflf (4) anMd dI rfgmflf
(5) goibMd dI rfgmflf, (6) cMdrdfs dI rfgmflf aqy hor.
adBuq rfmfiex ivwc iewk kQf hY ik nfrd ƒ afpxy bfry rfgF df
mfihr hox df (rfg afcfrIaf) hMkfr ho igaf. Aus df hMkfr qoVn leI ibȃ nfrd ƒ
dyv lok lY igaf. nfrd ny vyiKaf ik anyk iesqrI purK aMg BMg hox krky ivlk rhy
hn. puwCx qy dwisaf ik nfrd ny sMgIq qoN axjfx hox krky surF df iDafn nhIN
rwiKaf. iesy kfrn sfzy aMg BMg ho gey hn. iehI khfxI ieMn ibMn gurU arjn sfihb
jI nfl nwQI kr idwqI. jdoN ik Bog muMdfvxI qy pfAux dI qsdIk gurU gRMQ sfihb jI
qoN aqy ieiqhfs ivwcoN iml rhI hY.
6[ purfxy klfkfr rfg rfgxIaF dy klpq icwqr bxfAux df ÈOk BI
rwKdy sn. rfjy nvfbF df mnorjMn krn leI klfkfrF ny rfgF ƒ bhuq hI idlkÈ Èbd
icwqrF nfl iÈMgfrn df jqn kIqf hY. AuhnF Èbd icwqrF qoN pRBfvq ho ky, agvfeI
lY ky ryKf icwqr (qsvIr) bxfAux df jqn kIqf igaf hY. afAu kyvl iewk rfgxI BYrvI
df Èbd icwqr pVHIey. ies ƒ pVHky hI keI klfkfrF ny awgy icwqr bxfey. ijs ƒ nf
smJ lokF ny, swc rUp krky mMn ilaf. ieh iewk BUqnI (BYrvI) df rfgicwqr hY. ijs
vkq pfrbqI ny mn krky iÈv ƒ pqI rUp ivwc pRvfn kr ilaf qF Auh pqI ƒ rIJfAux
vfsqy, ihmflf prbq mfnsRovr dy kMZy bYT ky iÈvilMg dI pUjf krdI hY. pfrbqI dy
pihrfvy, hfvBfv, srIrk hrkqF aqy pRikRqI icwqr ibafn kIqy gey hn. awKrF duafrf
ibafn kIqf igaf nkÈf -
rfj kuafr BYrvI rfnI. dyK rUp BYrv (iÈv) llcfnI.
BeI mgn sr surq ibsfrI.
rKy mnorQ iÈv mc afeI. bhuq BFq kI pUjf lfeI.
lIey qfl pr sujs sunfvY. mn eyho bs BYrv pIX pfvY.
mfn sRovr ivml jI, pMKI krq klol. iqh qt soiBq iÈv Bvn rfijq
risq amol. (148)
7[ rfgmflf ivwc Cy rfg mMny gey hn, hryk rfg dIaF pMj pqnIaF
(rfgxIaF) mMnIaF geIaF hn. nfl hryk rfg qoN awT awT puwqr BI ilK mfry. pr aPsos
ik ieh nhIN dwisaf igaf ik iehnF awTF bwicaF dIaF mfvF ikhVIaF hn ? ies gwl df
koeI inXm awj qwk sMgIq afcfrIaF ivwc pRvfn nhIN cVH sikaf, ik iksy rfg ƒ rfgxI
ikvyN qy ikAuN mMinaf jfvy ? iesdf pYmfnf kI hY ? aijhf srb pRvfixq ikhVf ZMg
hY, ik iks rfg pwDqI ƒ rfg afiKaf jfvy iks ƒ rfgxI, Ausdf puwqr, DI jF ƒh
(puwqr bwDU) afiKaf jfvy ? iPr sMgIq mfihr ivdvfn, gfien ÈYlI ivwc nvyN qoN
nvyN ZMg qrIky pRcwlq krdy rihMdy hn. AuhnF ƒ iks Kfqy jF ÈRyxI ivwc rwiKaf
jfvygf ?
ies pRfcIn pwDqI ƒ mMnx vfly ikhVf mq pRvfn krdy hn ? iPr
awj kwlH iks iks dyÈ ivwc AuhnF dI ieh pwDqI prcwlq hY ?
8[ BfeI sMqoK dy ivcfr muMdfvxI bfry.
BfeI mnI isMG dy syvk BfeI sMq isMG hoey hn. sMq isMG qoN
BfeI sMqoK isMG ny ivwidaf pRfpq kIqI. sMqoK isMG dI pRiswD rcnf sUrj pRkfÈ
ivwc ieAuN ilKq hY -
ilKy smsq sveIey soAU, sRI igRMQky mfih.
aMq srb ky ilK muMdfvxI mudRiq mohr lgI jn vfih.
Bog skl bfxI kf pXAu mihmf ijskI khI n jfie.
Bvjl BYrv ko jhfj bz, pRBU ikrpf qy pfr prfie.
rfg mflf sRI gurU ikRq nih hY, muMdfvxI lg gurbYn.
ies mih nih sMsY kuC krIahu, jy sMsY avlokhu nYn.
mfDvnl aflm kiv kI nis, iqs mih inRqkfrI kih qYn.
rfg rfgnI nfm igny qih, XFqy sRI arjn ikRq hY n. (rfs[3[ aMsU
48-2127)
9[ igafnI nrYx isMG mujMg vfilaF vwloN, jo gurU gRMQ sfihb dy
tIikaF bfry BUimkf ilKidaF pMnf ‘‘j`` nMbr 7 dy isrlyK hyT iliKaf hY -
‘‘sRI gurU gRMQ sfihb jI df Cfpxf; pihlF gurU gRMQ sfihb dI iewCf rwKx vfly
ƒ keI keI mhIny ilKfrI nhIN imldy sI. imMnqF qrly alwg krny pYNdy sI. iPr BI
iewCfvfn ƒ dmdmy vflI bIV df Auqfrf cfhIdf hovy, qy ilKfrI kol Auh hY nhIN qF
Aus ilKfrI ny afpxI mrËI nfl iksy hor bIV df Auqfrf krky dy dyxf. ilK dyxf ieh
peI ieh dmdmI bIV df Auqfrf hY. Bytf vjoN rupY 101/- qoN 1001/- qwk BI lY ley
jFdy sn. iPr BI ieh bIVF afm iswK dI phuMc qoN bfhr sn. sMn 1860 ivwc lfhOr ivKy
CfpfKfnf cflU hox qy, ies dy mflk lflf hrsuK rfey jI drbfr sfihb afey. smyN dy
iswK pujfrIaF awgy bynqI kIqI, ik dfs ƒ bIVF Cfpx dI afigaf idwqI jfvy. ieh BI
spwÈt dwisaf jfvy ik ikhVI bIV CfpI jfvy ? Bfv krqfr pur vflI, dmdmy vflI jF
BfeI bMno vflI ? keI idnF qwk pujfrI iksy iswty qy nf puwj sky. aMq ardfs krky
(lftrI ?) iqMnF bIVF dy nfm ilKky, iqMn prcIaF sRovr ivwc pfeIaF. aKy jo prcI
pihlF AuWpr qr afvygI, Ausy ƒ Cfpx dI afigaf dy idaFgy. iewk vfrI iqMny prcIaF
zuwb geIaF, krIb do GMty mgroN iewk prcI AuWpr qrdI njrIN peI, Jwt kwZ ilaFdI.
vyiKaf qF Aupr iliKaf sI ‘‘dmdmy vflI bIV``. iehI afigaf lflf hrsuK rfey ƒ
kr idwqI, ik dmdmy vflI bIV CfpI jfvy. ies qrHF ibnF soD suDfeI qoN, dmdmy vflI
bIV Cpx lwgI. lflf hrsuK rfey Kud hI ‘‘Cfpk soDk`` bxky syvf krn lwgy. ---cldf
