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(qÉq sRI dmdmf sfihb (biTMzf) ivKy
ÈI gurU gRMQ sfihb jI dy mnfey jf rhy óúú sflf sMpUrnqf idvs ƒ smrpq ivÈyÈ
lyK)
ÈRI gurU gRMQ
sfihb jI dy ‘dmdmI srUp` df ieiqhfsk swc
jgqfr isMG jfck, afnryrI ieMtrnYÈnl iswK imÈnrI
‘ ÈRI gurU gRMQ
sfihb jI` dI pfvn bIV df muwZlf qy pihlf srUp hY, mfnv-drdI gurU nfnk sfihb jI
mhfrfj vloN ‘Driq lokfeI` ƒ soDx ihwq kIqy pRcfr dOiraF (AudfsIaF) vyly afpxI
qy vwK vwK BgqF dI Aucfrn kIqI ‘Dur kI bfxI` df sMgRih rUp Auh ‘ikqfb`
(poQI), ijs df iËkr BfeI gurdfs jI ny afpxy vloN ricq vfrF ivwc siqgurU jI dI
‘mwky mdIny` dI Xfqrf df vrnx kridaF do vfr ieAuN kIqf hY :
bfbf iPir mwky gieaf, nIl bsqR Dfry bnvfrI . afsf hiQ, ikqfb
kiC, kUjf bFg muswlf DfrI . {vfr ñ,pAuVI óò}
puCin Poil ikqfb no, ihMdU vwzf ik muslmfnoeI ? bfbf
afKy hfjIaF, suiB amlF bfJhuN dono roeI . {vfr ñ,pAuVI óó}
ÈRI gurU gRMQ sfihb jI dI pfvn bIV dy ivkfs ivwc dUjf srUp
hY, pMcm pfqÈfh gurU arjn sfihb jI mhfrfj vloN sMn 1604 (sMmq
1661) ivwc sRI
aMimRqsr ivKy iqafr kIqI Auh ‘poQI`, ijs ƒ hux ‘afid bIV` (poQI sfihb), ‘krqfrpurI
bIV` jF ‘krqfrpurI srUp` kih ky siqkfiraf jFdf hY . ikAuNik, aYsf mMinaF jf
irhf hY ik CyvyN pfqÈfh gurU hirgibMd sfihb jI dy vyly qoN ieh srUp, iqnHF dy
sfihËfdy bfbf guridwqf jI dy byty aqy gurU hirrfey jI dy Brf bfbf DIrmwl jI dI
sMqfn pfs sRI krqfrpur (jlMDr) ivKy suriKaq hY . ies bIV ivKy qqkry dy arMB
AuWqy hyT ilKI ilKq hY :
‘‘sMmq ñööñ imqI BfdoAu vdI eykm ñ poQI iliK
phucy .`` {dyKo, ipMsIpl joD isMG dI ilKq ‘krqfrpurI bIV dy drÈn` pMnf ô }
not krn vflI hkIkq hY ik ies bIV ivwc ‘so purKu` sMgRih dy
ô ÈbdF (‘rfgu afsf mhlf ô .. so purKu inrMjn`u …… qoN lY ky ‘afsf
mhlf õ .. BeI prfpiq mfnuK dyhurIaf .. … vfly Èbd qwk) qoN bgYr, gurU nfnk
sfihb, gurU aMgd sfihb, gurU amrdfs sfihb, gurU rfmdfs sfihb, gurU arjn sfihb
aqy gurU idRÈtI ivwc pRvfn cVHy pUjÎ BgqF, BwtF qy syvk iswKF dI Auh sfrI bfxI
aMikq hY, ijhVI ajoky smyN pRkfÈq ho rhIaF pfvn bIVF dy ivwc drÈn dy rhI hY .
ÈRI gurU gRMQ sfihb jI dI pfvn bIV dy ivkfs ivwc qIjf srUp
hY, dsm pfqÈfh gurU goibMd isMG sfihb jI mhfrfj vloN afpxI dyK-ryK hyT sRI
anMdpur ivKy ÈoBnIk ‘sRI dmdmf sfihb` dy sQfn Aupr sMn 1682
(sMmq 1739)
ivKy ‘so purKu` dy ô ÈbdF vfly sMgRih aqy nOvyN pfqÈfh dI bfxI smyq iqafr
krvfeI pfvn bIV, ijs ƒ ‘dmdmI bIV` jF ‘dmdmI srUp` afiKaf jFdf hY . dsm pfqÈfh
sMn 1708 ivwc sRI
abcl ngr hËUr sfihb ivKy iesy hI ‘dmdmI srUp` nUM guirafeI bKÈky joqI-joiq
smfey sn. asl iehI hY ÈRI gurU gRMQ sfihb jI dI sMpUrnqf df afKrI pVfE aQvf
sMpUrnqf idvs . ikAuNik, guirafeI bÉÈx dy ies idhfVy qoN pihlF qF bfxI dIaF
sfrIaF pfvn bIVF ƒ ‘poQI sfihb` kih ky hI siqkfiraf jFdf irhf. iehI kfrx hY
ik ÈRomxI kmytI dI muwZlI qy pRiswD mfisk piqRkf ‘gurduafrf gËt`(jUn 1977)
ivwc kmytI dy rIcrc skflr qy iswK rYPrYNs lfiebRyrI sRI aMimRqsr dy ieMcfrj sR:
smÈyr isMG ‘aÈok` jI ny ‘‘ÈRI afid bIV` qoN ‘dmdmI bIV` dy ivkfs dI
crcf kridaF iliKaf sI :-
‘‘ÈRI afid bIV` qoN ‘dmdmI bIV` df ivkfs qy Pyr Ausy
bIV ƒ ‘ÈRI gurU grMQ sfihb jI` dI pivqr pdvI df pRfpq hoxf, ies bIV df aMqlf
pVfE hY . sRI gurU goibMd isMG jI ny ipqf sRI gurU qygbhfdr jI dI ÈhIdI qoN
bfad sMmq 1732 qoN
sMmq 1739 ibkRmI (sMn
1675 qoN 1682)
qwk, ‘afid isMGfsn dmdmf` sRI anMdpur sfihb dy asQfn pur, jd ik gurU
sihb jI dI Aumr ajy 9
qoN 15 virHaF dy
dirimafn sI, afpxy siqkfr pVdfdf sRI gurU arjn dyv jI pMcm pfqÈfh dy ivrsy vjoN
imly ‘sRI afd gRMQ` ƒ smyN dy Pyr nfl ho rhIaF adlf-bdlIaF hox qoN bVy Xqn
nfl sMBfilaf qy Pyr afpxI dyK-ryK ivwc ÈhId ipqf ÈRI gurU qygbhfdr jI dI bfxI
Aus ivwc bkfiedf QfAuN QfeIN Èfml krky, Ausy ‘afid bIV` ƒ dmdmI bIV df srUp
sMmq 1739 ibkRmI (sMn
1682) ivwc idwqf .
ijs df pRmfx ‘iswK rYPrYNs lfiebRyrI` dI purfqn hwQ ilKq nM: 97
vyK ky ho skdf hY``.
ÈhId iswK imÈnrI kflj dy ipRMsIpl hrBjn isMG (BfeI sfihb),
ijhVy Auprokq swc dy kwtV hmfieqI qy pRcfrk sn, iqnHF ny ‘gurbfxI sMpfdn
inrxY` pusqk ivKy, afpxy ieh hwkI-dfavy ƒ swc iswD krn dy mksd nfl, ÈRI gurU
goibMd isMG jI mhfrfj dy sfbo kI qlvMzI (biTMzy) phuMcx dy sMmq 1762
(sMn 1705) qoN pihlF
dIaF ijhVIaF vK vK ù bIVF df vyrvf idwqf hY, Aus ƒ vfc ky koeI vI mfeI df lfl
ieh nhI kih skdf ik ‘afid bIV` ivwc nOvyN pfqÈfh dI bfxI sfbo kI qlvMzI
cVHfeI geI aqy bIV sMpUrn hoeI . ipRMsIpl sfihb jI dy idwqy ies vyrvy ivwc sMmq 1739
(sMn 1682) vflI
Auh bIV vI Èfml hY, ijs ƒ aÈok jI ‘dmdmI srUp` dsdy hn . ijvyN :
(ñ) sMmq 1739
vflI bIV :- ies ivwc ÈRI gurU qyg bhfdr jI dI sfrI bfxI aqy ‘sodru` dy 5
Èbd aqy ‘so purKu` dy 4
Èbd aMikq hn . rfg jYjfvMqI, ijs ivwc nOvYN mhly dy hI cfr Èbd hn, vrqmfn
qrqIb anusfr, rfg pRBfqI dy bfad afAuNdy hn .
(ò) BfeI pfKr mwl iZloN poqrf cODrI lMgfh df, bIV ilKx df
sMmq 1745 :- ies ivwc
ÈRI gurU qyg bhfdr jI dI sfrI bfxI QF isr aMikq hY .‘so dru` dy 5
qy ‘so Gru` dy 4 Èbd
vI . ies ivwc koeI vfDU bfxI drj nhI imldI .
‘afid isMGfsn dmdmf` (ÈRI anMdpur), qÉq sRI kysgV sihb dy
jQydfr isMG sfihb igafnI guridafl isMG ajnohf hurF vloN 3
akqUbr 1976 ƒ ÈhId
iswK imÈnrI kflj dy (mihrUm) ipRMsIpl hrBjn isMG ƒ ByjI ilKqI rfie anusfr Auh
asQfn hY, ijQy bYT ky gurU goibMd isMG jI mhfrfj ny ‘afid ÈRI gurU grMQ sfihb
jI` dI bIV ilKvfeI sI qy nfvyN pfqÈfh gurU qyg bhfdr sfihb jI dI bfxI cVvHfky
bIV sMpUrn krvfeI sI`. (dyKo, ipRMsIpl jI dI pusqk ‘ibbyk-buwiD` pMnf ñôõ)
igafnI grjf isMG (ilKq, gurduafrf gËt jUn 1954)
anusfr iesI asQfn AuWqy 1733
ibkRmI muqfibk 24 mfrc
1676 eI: dI vYsfKI
vfly idn ‘dsm pfqÈfh` ny siqgurU goibMd rfie, swcf pfqÈfh dI pdvI Dfrn kIqI
sI . ies asQfn qy hI drbfrI ilKfrIaF pfsoN nfvyN pfqÈfh dy smyN qoN arMB kIqIaF
‘afid gRMQ sfihb` dIaF bIVF ivwc nfvyN mhly dI bfxI sfrI Èfml krky bIVF
sMpUrn krfeIaF sn. ienHF ivcoN hyT ilKIaF bIVF (ivcly bfxI dy vyrvy qy sUcnfvF)
kfbly gOr hn . ijvyN : (A) Zfky vflI bIV - sMmq ñ÷óò, imqI aghn ò, vdI ÷
grMQ iliKaf . {not: ieh bIV, nOvyN gurU jI dI ÈhIdI qoN 13
idn pihloN anMdpurI dmdmf sfihb ivKy, mwGr vdI ÷ ƒ sMpUrn hoeI sI. (dyKo:
gurbfxI sMpfdn inrxY, pM:202)
} (a) ipMzI lflf (gujrfq) vflI bIV- sUcI pqR sMmq ñ÷óò poh òó qyvIvyN poQI
iliK phuMcy . { not: ies bIV AuWqy nfvyN pfqÈfh dy hsqfKr hn aqy AunHF dI sfrI
bfxI iewk QF iekwTI hI ilKI hoeI hY . gurbfxI sMpfdn inrxY, pM:òúò) } (s)
sUcI pqR poQI kf, qqkrF rfgF kf, sMmq ñ÷óõ, vYsfK ñó poQI iliK phuMcy . {
ies poQI ivwc nOvyN pfqÈfh dI bfxI vI drj hY aqy mMgl iewk smfn pihlF hn.
(gurbfxI sMpfdn inrxY, pM:òúò) }
ies leI XUnIvristI pitaflf dy pRo: ipafrf isMG ‘pdm` df ieh
inrxf sO pRqIÈq swc hY ik : ‘‘BfeI bMno, pihlf iswK sI, ijs ny ‘afid bIV`
qoN dUjf Auqfrf iqafr krvfieaf . iPr ienHF bIVF qoN awgy keI Auqfry hoey .
ipCoN, sRI gurU qygbhfdr jI dy smyN, AunHF dI bfxI drj hox lwgI . pr, hr ilKfrI
afpxI mrËI anusfr ijwQy ikqy Auqfrf kr lYNdf sI . iksy ny jYqsrI nfl jYjfvMqI
dy Èbd drj kIqy, iksy ny aÉIr AuWqy aqy iksy ny iewky QF ‘nfvy gurU dI bfxI
ilKI .
ÈRI gurU goibMd isMG jI` ny BfeI mnI isMG jI dI agvfeI ivwc
‘anMdpur vfly dmdmy` bIVF ilKx df kMm krvfieaf, qF ik iewky iksm dI pRmfxIk
qrqIb rhy . ipCoN ieh Gtnf ‘sfbo kI qlvMzI` vfly dmdmy nfl joV idwqI geI . ieh
TIk hY ik AuQy vI bIVF ilKx df BfrI kMm ipCoN hoieaf, pr pihly ieh kMm ‘anMdpur
vfly dmdmy` kfPI arsy huMdf irhf. mukdI gwl ieh hY ik aMiqm rUp vflI bIV ‘dmdmI
bIV` dy nF nfl pukfrI geI aqy iesy ‘dmdmI srUp` ƒ svIkfr krky hux ‘afid
ÈRI gurU gRMQ sfihb jI` df Cfpy duafrf pRkfÈn kIqf jFdf hY`` . {pusqk ‘gurU
gRMQ pRkfÈ` pMnF 41}
gurU-ÈrDf nfl lbryË pUjÎ ipRMsIpl qyjf isMG qy pRiswD
ieiqhfskfr zfktr gMzf isMG jI duafrf iml ky ilKI aMgryËI dI pRiswD pusqk ‘A
Short History of the Sikhs’ ivc iliKaf hY
: ‘The Guru managed to reach Talvandi Sabo, now called
Damdama or resting place. Here he stayed for nine months with an influential
Sikh named Dalla and made it a great seat of learnig. It is often described as
Guru’s kashi. The Guru, while here, is said by some later writers, to have
reproduced whole Adi Granth from memory, and completed it by adding the hymns
omposed by his father. This miracle of memory is not recorded by the Gurbilas or
the Surj Prakash. That the hymans of the ninth Guru were incorporated here is
contradicted by the fact that there is a copy of Holy Granth at Patna, bearing
the date 1748 BK.(1691AD.) containing the hymans of Guru Teg bahadur in there
proper places. There is another such copy found at Dacca, which was written even
than this in 1675AD. In the first year of Guru Gobind Singh’s accession’.
{AuulwQf:- (gurU goibMd isMG jI) ijvyN ikvyN qlvMzI sfbo
phuMcy ijs ƒ hux dmdmf (sfihb) jF (gurU jI dy) arfm krn vflI QF krky swidaf
jFdf hY . eyQy, afp iewk jbHy vfly (BfeI) zwlf nfmI iswK pfs nO mhIny Tihry aqy
ies ƒ ividaf pRfpqI df mhfn asQfn bxfieaf . ies ƒ afm krky ‘gurU kI kFÈI`
swidaf jFdf hY . bfad dy ilKfrIaF dy kihx anusfr siqgurF ny afpxI ÈkqI duafrf
sfry ‘afid gRMQ` ƒ Aucfrx kIqf . pRMqU, cyqf ÈkqI dI ieh krfmfq ‘guriblfs`
jF ‘sUrj pRkfÈ` ny rIkfrz nhI kIqf . nOvyN siqgurF dI bfxI cVHfAux dy dfavy
ƒ ieh hkIkq KMzn krdI hY ik ptnf sfihb ivKy sMmq 1748 ibkRmI
(sMn 1691 eI:) dI
ilKI bIV mOjUd hY, ijs ivwc ÈRI gurU qygbhfdr jI dI bfxI QF isr aMkq hY . ies
qoN ibnF Zfky ivKy iewk hor bIV surwiKaq hY, jo ies qoN vI pihlF sMn ñö÷õ
eI: dI hY, ijhVI dsvyN siqgurF dy gwdI AuWqy ibrfjmfn hox dy pihly sfl ivwc hI
ilKI geI sI .}
ikAuNik, bMsfvlI nfmy (sMmq 1826)
dy ilKfrI kysr isMG iCbr vloN sRI gurU goibMd isMG jI mhfrfj vloN sRI anMdpur
sfihb ivKy sMn 1696
(sMmq 1753) ƒ bfbf
DIrml jI qoN sRI krqfrpurI bIV df koeI Auqfrf mMgfAux qy gurU jI vloN afpxI rsnf
qoN koeI bIV Aucfrn dI Gtnf dy vyrvf, aqy dUjy, lOgovfl (sMgrUr) dy jMmpl qy
inrmly sfDU ig: igafn isMG jI (1822 eI:
qoN 1921) duafrf
vIhvIN sdI dy muwZly dOr ivwc rcIaF do rcnfvF ‘pMQ pRkfÈ qy qvfrIÉ gurU
Éflsf` ivwc sfbo kI qlvMzI (biTMzy) ivKy sMn 1705
(sMmq 1762) ƒ gurU
jI vloN, kyvl DIrml df AulHfmf (jy ‘gibMd isMG` afpxy afp ƒ gurU aKvFdf hY qF
Auh nvIN bIV Aucfrn kr lvy) Auqfrn leI Aucfrn kIqI bIV dI ielfkfpRsqI dy pRBfv
hyT GVI khfxI, ieiqhfsk-swc dy sfhmxy muwZoN hI rwd ho jFdI hY . ikAuNik, iewk
qF bMsfvlI nfmy qy pMQ-pRkfÈ dy ilKy sMmq qy GtnfvF df vyrvf afps ivwc nhI
imldf . dUjy, Bwt vhIaF dI pRmfxIk qy akwt gvfhI iswD krdI hY ik bfbf DIrmwl qy
Auhdy byty rfm cMd ƒ qF gurU goibMd isMG jI dy gurgwdI bYTx dy pihly sfl ivwc
aqy gurU jI dy sfbo kI qlvMzI phuMcx qoN 29
sfl pihlF hI bfdÈfh aOrMgËyb df hukm nfl sMmq 1733 (sMn
1676) ivwc igRPqfr
kIqf jf cuwkf sI aqy iPr rxQMbOr dy ikly ivwc nËrbMd rwK ky iPr agly hI sfl
sMmq 1734 (sMn 1677)
ivwc AuQy hI kql vI kr idwqf igaf sI aqy Aus dy byty ‘rfm cMd` ƒ sMmq 1735
(sMn 1678) ivwc .
ipRMsIpl hrBjn isMG jI pusqk ‘ibbyk buiD` ivKy pMnf 132
`qy Bwt vhIaF dI ilKq ies pRkfr hY: ‘‘sMmq ñ÷óó ibkrmI asU vdI duafdÈI
ƒ bfbf bkflf qoN bfbf DIrmwl jI idwlI srkfr dy bulfey idwlI ƒ gey . {gur
pRxflI krqfrpur soZIaF, ilKq dAulq rfie Bwt, lfhOr invfsI} ñ÷óô ibkrmI, mGr
sudI dUj, Èukrvfr ƒ, bfbf DIrmwl jI, gurU goibMd isMG jI dy qfieaf-jfd BfeI,
gVH rxQMBOr ivwc iewk sfl, do mhIny, pMj idn nËrbMdI ivwc rih ky, zyZ pihr idn
cVHy gurpurI isDfry . {Bwt vhI mulqfn-isMDI qy cilqr joqI joiq smfvny df, afid
bIVf buMgf rfgIaF, hËUr sfihb}
so ies krky spÈt hY ik pMcm pfqÈfh gurU arjn sfihb jI dI
sMn 1604 ivwc sRI
aMimRqsr ivKy poQI sfihb dy rUp ivwc sMpfdq kIqI ‘afid bIV`(poQI sfihb), pihlF
‘krqfrpurI srUp` dy nfm qoN pRiswD hoeI aqy iPr ÈRI anMdpurI dmdmf sfihb ivKy
dsm pfqÈfh gurU goibMd isMG jI mhfrfj dI dyK-ryK hyT Ausy hI bIV ny sMn 1682
(sMmq 1739) ivwc ‘dmdmI
srUp` Dfrn kIqf . ies srUp ƒ sRI hËUr sfihb (nMdyV) ivKy sMn 1708
(sMmq 1765) ƒ dsvyN
pfqÈfh ny joqI-joiq smfvx vyly gur-gwdI bÉÈ ky ‘ÈRI gurU gRMQ sfihb` jI dy
ajoky srUp ivwc sMpUrnqf dI pdvI qy phuMcfieaf . iehI kfrn hY ik zyrydfrI dy
pRBfv hyT ivcrn vfly biTMzy ijly dy iewk do kmytI mYNbrF qy pRcfrk sjxF dy Ëor
dyx AuWqy jdoN ÈRomxI kmytI ny akflI dl dI rfjInqk nIqI qihq sMn 1997
ivKy afpxI jMqrI ivwc ‘ÈRI gurU gRMQ
sfihb jI dy sMpUrnqf idvs` df iËkr krnf pRvfn kr ilaf qF ipRMsIpl hrBjn isMG
jI, ijhVy Aus vyly Drm pRcfr kmytI mYNbr sn, iqnHF ny ros pRgt kridaF iliKaf sI
:
‘‘sB qoN
vwzf Kyd hY ik ÈRomxI kmytI, ibnF prKy pVcoly dy, afpxI ÈRomxI jMqrI ñùù÷
ivwc ies gYr-ieiqhfsk Gtnf ƒ pwikaF kr rhI hY ik ‘ÈRI gurU gRMQ sfihb jI` dI
sMpUrnqf idn óú agsq hY, ÈRI dmdmy sfihb . { ibbyk buiD-pMnf
148}
iesy qrHF sRomxI kmytI dy virHaF bwDI lgBg awDI sdI skwqr rih
cuwky bËurg sR : mihMdr isMG jI (aMimRqsr) ny ipCly idnI aÉbfrF ivwc lyK ky
Aus vyly ivroD jqfieaf sI, jdoN ÈRomxI kmytI ny sfbo kI qlvMzI (qÉq) sRI dmdmf
sfihb ivKy sRI gurU gRMQ sfihb jI df iqMn sO sflf sMpUrnqf idvs mnfAux df PYslf
kIqf . ikAuNik, ipRMsIpl jI vFg AunHF ƒ vI idisaf ik ies PYsly ipCy rfjInqk
iswK afgUaF dIaF suafrQI qy ielfkfvfdI sMkIrx rucIaF dy nfl nfl, ibprvfdI iswK
zyiraF ivwc plI sMprdfeI soc vI CupI hoeI hY, ijhVI ÈqfbdIaF dy Èor-Èrfby
ivwc aigafnqf-vws qy jfx bwJ ky pRcfrIaF aqy afpxy pRBfv hyT gur-asQfnF ivwc
lfgU kIqIaF glq rvfieqF ƒ swcIaF qy pMQ-pRvfixq iswD krky sdf leI kfiem krn
ihwq XqnÈIl hY, qF jo JUT dIaF nIhF AuWpr KVHy AunHF dy sMprdfeI mhwl itky rih
skx, ijnHF ivwc buwZf ibprvfd luikaf hoieaf hY, ijhVf sdf nOjvfn rihx vfly
Éflsf pMQ dy AuWjly BivK leI aiq hfnIkfrk hY .
gurU-pMQ df dfs
jgqfr isMG jfck, inAUXfrk[ sfbkf gRMQI sRI drbfr sfihb,
aMimRqsr.
imqI : agsq 22, 2006
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