ieÈk hkIkI vflf
pMjfb iks rfh?
pRo:ieMdr
isMG Gwgf
purfqn simaF ivc ividaf pRfpqI vfsqy skUl
kfljF dI axhoNd kfrn vDyry iensfn awKr igafn qoN swKxy hI sn. afm qOr qy msjdF
nfl mdrsy, mMdrF nfl pfTÈflf qy gurdvfiraF nfl BfeI sfihb gurmuKI awKr igafn qy
gurbfxI sMQf idaf krdy sn. pRclq rvfieqF muqfbk kQf krnI qy kIrqn dI iswiKaf BI
idqI jFdI sI. afbfdI dy vfDy nfl, aqy mnuKI cyqnf dy ivkfs nfl, ijQy hor anyk
qbdIlIaF afeIaF AuQy ividaf pVHn pVHfAux dy ZMgF ivc BI vwzf pRIvrqn afieaf. ies
ivkfs krm nUM aMgRyjI rfj smyN vwzf huMgfrf imilaf. ihMdUaF muslmfnF ny keI
QfeIN nvIn ZMgF dy skUl kflj cflU kIqy, ijQy AuhnF dy bwcy ividaf pRfpq krky
smyN dy hfxI bx skx. CfpyKfny dI afmd ny pusqkF Cpx ivc qyjI ilaFdI. aKbfr cflU
hox lwgy. iswKF ivcly cyqMn vrg ny afpxy bwicaF nuMU srbpKI ividaf dyx vfsqy
socxf afrMB kIqf. pr iswKF dI koeI kyNdrI jQybMdI nF hox krky ieh kfrj kuJ
isrlwQ XoiDaF nUM gurU df Et afsrf lY ky iekwilaF hI ÈurU krnf ipaf. ies rfh dy
pFDIaF nUM mMijlyN mksUd qy puwjx qoN rokx leI bhuqy ‘‘afpixaF`` ny hI rfhF
ivc kMzy iKlfry. BfvyN pYr lhU luhfx hoey, dusvfrIaF nfl afZf lfieaf nMgy DV
lVidaF isdk isrV qoN zoly nF. ÈrDfvfn iswKF vloN imly huMgfry sdkf bhuq sfry
skUl cflU krn ivc kfmXfbI imlI. iesy Gflxf df afKrI imwTf Pl sI Kflsf kflj
aMimRqsr. BfvyN ihMdU lIzrF dI cukxf ivc af ky iswK glqI kr bYTy, pMjfb dy
gory gvrnr ny kflj nUM iswK XUnIvristI df drjf dyx afAuxf sI. kuJ isr iPry iswK
lIzrF, aqy afm muMzIhr ny, Aus ivruD nfarybfjI krn, aqy afAux df ivroD krn dI
Tfx leI. gvrnr ny afAuxf rwd kr idqf, BIVF mUrKqf ivc KusIaF mnfAux lgIaF, pr
ies Aujwzpuxy dI sjf iswK pMQ awj qk Bogdf af irhf hY. ikAuNik iswK XUnIvristI
df ‘‘grBpfq`` ho igaf sI. af irhf muwK mihmfn ipRMs cfrls iswDf lfhOr clf
igaf. kflj dy ipRMsIpl vfdn ny asqIPf dy idwqf. ieh XUnIvristI alIgVH puwj geI
muslmfnF kol.
iehnF idnF ivc ijQy qyjI nfl aMgRyjI ividaf
aqy pwCmI siBaqf hr aYry-gYry nUM bUr dy lwzUaF vFg, apxy vl afAux dIaF sYxqF
mfr rhI sI, AuQy hI pRo: gurmuK isMG aqy AuhnF dy sMgI sfQIaF, sMsfrI ividaf dy
nfl inrMkfrI ividaf PYlfAux df bfnxUM bMnx df qhweIaf kr ilaf. sMn 1885 dy lgpg
isMG sBf lihr dy ies moZI ny, gOrimMt kflj lhOr ivc bI ey qk pMjfbI mfiDam rfhIN
ividaf pRfpqI df rsqf Kulvf idqf. iPr iehnF Dfrmk ividaf dI pVHfeI leI aglf kdm
puwitaf. gorI srkfr qoN igafnI dI pVfeI leI pRvfngI pRfpq kr leI. ‘‘igafnI``
Èbd afm qOr qy Dfrimk ibrqI vfly iswKF leI vriqaf jFdf sI. gurmq igafn vloN
BfvyN Auh kory hI ikAuN nF hox. iesy igafnI nfm hyT pRo: gurmuK isMG ny nOjvfnF
leI, Dfrmk ividaf df slybs bxf ky, srkfr qoN prvfn krvf ilaf. ies ivc iswK
ieiqhfs, gurbfxI sMQf, arQ ivafiKaf, kIrqn qoN ielfvf iswK iPlfsPI, BfeI gurdfs
jI, aqy hor gurmq sfihq pVHfieaf jfx lgf. AuhnF dI Auqm Gflxf aqy bhupwKI Xogqf
sdkf AuhnF nuMU bqOr aiDafpk pVHfAux dI syvf qy BI lf idqf igaf. iehnF dy pVfey
ividafrQI sc muc hI igafnI jI (igafnvfn) bx ky anyk KyqrF ivc mohrI rol adf krn
lgy. AuhnF simaF ivc igafnI jI aKvfxf PKr df vfies bx igaf sI. ijQy gurmq sfihq
ivc ‘‘BfeI`` Èbd aqI mfx siqkfr vflf hoieaf krdf sI, iesy qrF apxy nfm nfl
igafnI lfAuxf mfx df pRvfnf (qgmf) smiJaf jfx lwgf. igafnIaF dIaF agoN tksflF
clx lwgIaF. ieh sMqpuxy vflf CUq rog qF iblkul afDuink ibmfrI hY. iswKF dy
purfqn simaF ivc hI nhIN vrqmfn smyN ivc BI pRvixq gurmuKI ivÈyÈx ‘‘igafnI``
aqy ‘‘BfeI`` hI mMny jFdy hn. ies mflf dy mxikaF ivcoN BfeI rxDIr isMG, BfeI
vIr isMG BfeI kfhn isMG qy BfeI joD isMG dy nfm ijkrXog hn. iPr igafnI igafn
isMG, igafnI hjfrf isMG (vIr isMG dy ipqf jI) igafnI grjf isMG. zyiraF tksflF dy
muKI BI igafnI hI aKvfieaf krdy sn. Xogqf anusfr iswK smfj aqy mnuKqf dI syvf
ivc ihsf pfAuNdy rhy ieh syvfdfr.
smyN ny krvt bdlI ` 47 dI dys
vMz hoeI, nvyN hukmrfn gwdIaF mwl bYTy. nvF ieiqhfs iliKaf jfx lgf, skUlF kfljF
dIaF pfT pusqkF dy aiDafey bdly jfx lgy. hOlI hOlI igafnI dy ivÈy ivcoN Gtdf
Gtdf gurmq bfry kyvl iek pypr rih igaf, bfkI sB Auzf idqf igaf. ies dI QF afieaf
nfvl, nftk, kivqf, iekFgI, ivakqIgq jIvnIaF. ieQy hI bws ho jFdI qF sfied awDf
ku igafnI bc rihMdf. mlInqf BrI soc AuBrky AudoN sfhmxy afx nwcI jdoN hIr rFJf,
swsI punUM, imrjf sfihbF vrgy ieÈk mjfjI vrgy lwcr sfihq nUM igafnI slybs df
ainKVvF aMg bxf idqf. jrHF ipCl Jfq mfro, awDI sdI qoN pfT pusqkF ivc sfzy bwcy
iehnF loPrF dy mlIn jIvn nuUM ‘‘gihrfeI nfl`` pVHdy af rhy hn. GroN kiZaf
mKwtuU rFJf, hIr dy Gr mwJF nUM pwTy pfAuNdf, KyqF ivc Gfh cfrdf, duD cONNdf
gohf kUVf hUMJdf hY, bfrF sfl qk. pr iks irsqy aDIn? Gr ivc pÈU sFBx vfly
pflIaF sIrIaF vrgy nOjuafn nUM hIr, cUrIaF kuwt ky KvfAuNdI hY, iks irsqy aDIn?
akl dy aMinaF mfqf ipqf nUM jy koeI Èrm nhIN sI qF kI sfrf ÈrIkf kbIlf,
irÈqydfr BI eyzy niKwD sn ik sfiraF dI jubfn TfkI geI? iPr rFJf hIr nUM Aus dy
shury GroN AuDfl ky lY jFdf hY, ieh ikhVf jMg ijq ilaf Ausny? hIr ny mfqf ipqf
aqy shury pRvfr dy isr suafh qF pfeI hI sI, kI apxf mUMh BI kflf nhIN kIqf? Gr
vsfieaf Aus ny apxf?
swsI QlF ivc sV mrI vkq isr punUM nF bhuiVaf.
jdoN vfps priqaf qF swsI dI mOq dI Kbr sux ky Kud BI sMsfr qoN kUc kr igaf.
sMsfr nUM kI dy ky igaf? KudkuÈI df rfh? imrjf, sfihbF nUM aYn Aus vkq AuDfl ky
lY jFdf hY, jdoN Aus nUM ivafhux vfsqy brfq ZuwkI hoeI sI. pRvfrF aqy smfj dI
iewCf qoN ivprIq kIqf aijhf kfrf kI awj koeI sMGoN Qwly Auqfr skdf hY? kI Aus ny
bhuq bhfdrI df kfrj kIqf sI? hor isqm vyKo! jy iksy dI kMvfrI DI AuDfl ky lY hI
dOiVaf hY, qF aijhf mUrK imrjy qoN ibnF sfied hI ikDry imly ijhVf rfh ivc lMmIaF
qfx ky sON jfvy. iksy jMgl byly ivc lukdf, apxy Gr pujdf, iksy df imMnq qrlf
krky jfn bKsI leI vfsqf pfAuNdf[[[[[. pr ‘‘imrjf vwiZaf hyTF jMz dy
[[[[imrjf bFJ BrfvF mfiraY``[[[[. ikAuN ieh mMd krqUq BrfvF nUM kbIly nUM puwC
ky kIqI sI? kI imrjf jwt qy sfihbF jwtI dIaF ieho krqUqF pVHfAux jogIaF rih
geIaF? mhIvfl sOdfgr dy rUp ivc quwly Guimafr qoN imwtI dy sohxy BFzy mihMgy Bf
KRId ky ssqy Bf vycdf hY. Cy mhIinaF ivc sfrI rkm lutf idqI. iPr sohxI dy ipAu
nfl BFzy Qpdf hY Koqy cfrdf hY, sohxI nuMU ipafr pINGF JutfAuNdf hY. pqf lgx qoN
mhIvfl nUM quwlf Guimafr sohxI df ipAu Dwky mfrky GroN kZ idMdf hY. sohxI df
Jwtpt, muMzf vyK ky ivafh kr idMdf hY. ivcfrf mhIvfl diraf dy iknfry, sohxI dy
sOhry ipMz nyVy, kwKF kfinaF dI JuwgI pf ky bYT igaf. shury pRvfr nUM dgf dy ky
awDI rfq ieh ‘‘hoxhfr isafxI kuVI`` afÈk nUM imlx jFdI rhI. mhIvfl diraf
pfr krky ies nUM af imldf. ivcfrf vKqF mfiraf mwCIaF PV Kf ky zMg tpfAuNdf. kuJ
mwCI dy tukVy sohxI nUM KvfAuNdf. iksy idn mwCIaF nf imlIaF qF lfsfnI kfrnfmf
ies hoxhfr nOjvfn ny kr ivKfieaf. apxy pwt df mfs kwtky BuMn ky sohxI nUM Kuaf
idqf. pqf lgx qy mfÈUkf jfro jfr roeI. agoN leI diraf pfr mhIvfl nhIN krygf
sohxI GVy qy qYr ky diraf pfr krygI. Gr pqf lg igaf, ‘‘pfpx nnfx`` ny GVf
bdl ky pwky dI QF, kwcf rwK idwqf. sohxI kwcy nfl hI iTwl peI qy zuwb moeI. ies
nUM bcfAuNdf mhIvfl zuwb miraf. vfh ikaf lfsfnI kfrnfmf kr ivKfieaf. sMsfr dy
nIm pfgl muMzy kuVIaF leI ‘‘cfnx munfrf`` hn ieh lok?
jrf apxy pRvfrF/smfj vl JfqI mfro ! kI mfqf
ipqf afpxIaF kuafr kMjkF nUM hIr vrgf pfp krm krn qy Kus hoxgy? kI apxIaF bytIaF
dy nfm ‘‘hIr`` rwKx dI juarq kr skxgy? iPr kI swsI vrgI afp hudrI lVkI Epry
bMidaF ipCy ijvyN vfsnF ivc aMnI ho ky nwsI, qy apxI jfn gvf bYTI, Aus vFg
apxIaF DIaF nUM Kuwl KyZx dyxgy? ijgr dy tukiVaF nuMU mfrUQlF ivc rulx dyxgy?
awj dy mfqf ipqf apxIaF DIaF dy nfm swsI rwKx dI ihMmq ivKfAuxgy? sfihbF aYn
PyiraF vkq, pihlF GVI skIm muqfbk, do pRvfrF, do ipMzF df nwk vZky, imrjy dI
bwkI qy bYTky AuzfrI mfr geI. iPr kI pRvfrF nUM shury pyikaF nuMU, cfhIdf sI ik
Aus nUM vzy iekwT ivc ies ‘‘bhfdrI`` leI snmfnq krdy? kI awj mF bfp kMinafvF
dy nfm sfihbF rwKx dI iprq pfAuxgy?
iesy vwg dI vwCI sohxI, bfkIaF vFg mnafeIaF
krdI, Gr AujfVky Kud zuwb mrI, qy ipCy do pRvfrF nUM KUh Kfqy sut geI. iblkul
iesy qrHF hY rFJy dI kfrgujfrI, kI apxy kfikaF nUM rFJy vFg lokF dIaF mwJF cfrn,
KurlIaF ivc lytx, bfrF sfl qk bygfny GrF ivc Dwky Kfx vfsqy mfqf ipqf Byjx leI
sihmq hoxgy? kI apxy puqrF dy nfm rFJy rwiKaf krngy? hY aijhI ihMmq? punUM iek
amIr qy aXfs nOjvfn sI. apxI dOlq dy bl swsI nfl mOj msqI krn AuprMq, vfps apxy
sfQIaF smyq dys prq igaf sI. kI awj BI bhuq sfry ‘‘kfky`` iehI vrqfrf nhIN
krdy? iPr duiKafrIaF DIaF dy mfpy iehnf avfrf muMizaF dy guxgfn krdy hn jF Aumr
Br qVpdy hoey iehnF dy kIqy kfiraF qy mx mx hMJU kyrdy hn? drasl kfrnF df kfrn
ieh hY ik sfzy afgU nhIN chuMdy ik ieQoN df nOjvfn igafnvfn hovy. bhfdr hovy,
iemfndfr hovy Aucy ieKlfK vflf hovy. ikAuNik AuhnF nUM isrP votF pfAux vflIaf
vot/ByzF cfhIdIaF hn, bws. ipCly smyN ivc iehnf afÈkI dy ikwisaF bfry keI iPlmF
bx cukIaF hn. pusqkF ivc bqOr slybs iehnF nUM sfml kIqf jf cuikaf hY. myilaF
iekwTF ivc iehnF dy gIq gfey jFdy hn. bolcfl ivc iehnF dy ieÈk nUM swcf ieÈk
kih ky vizafieaf jFdf hY. ‘‘pMjfbI siBaqf dI aslI qsvIr iehnF pRym khfxIaF
ivc hI hY`` df rfg bfr bfr alfipaf jFdf hY. hor qF hor iehnF CokiraF CokrIaF
bfry zUMGI Koj krky ‘‘keIaF pypr pVHy hn. bhuq sfry nOjvfnF ny QIiss ilKy
hn, qy keIaF ny vwzI Gflxf nfl iehnF iviÈaF qy pI aYc zI dIaF izgrIaF JolI puaf
ky ivdvqf df qfj isr qy rwiKaf hY. keI vfrI styjF qy suxfieaf jFdf hY, ‘‘pMjfb
dI DrqI gurUaF pIrF sMqF PkIrF dI DrqI hY``. pr jfpdf aYAuN hY ik ieh luwicaF
lPMigaF corF TwgF bdmfsF dI DrqI hY, ikAuNik Dfrmk purKF df Aupdys qF Drm asQfn
dI AucI iemfrq dy aMdr hI dm qoV idMdf hY. pMjfb dy vsnIk rFJy nUM jMz hyT
vZINdf df sux ky hAuky lYNdy hn, iehnF nUM bMdf isMG bhfdr, aqI ÈkqIÈflI qy
awKV hkUmq nfl twkr lYx AuprMq isdk qy rihMidaf bMd bMd ktfAuNdf njr nhIN
afAuNdf. rFJy vrgf gBrU mwJF cfrdf pMjfbIaF leI qrs df pfqr hY, nvfb kpUr isMG
sR[ jwsf isMG afhlUvflIaf, hjfrF ablfvF nUM pfmrF dy KUnI pMijaF ivcoN mukq krvf
ky iewjq nfl Gry GrI pucfAuNdy kdI nhIN idsdy. ieQy punUM vrgy DoKybfj leI idlF
ivc QF hY, BfeI mnI isMG vrgy prAupkfrIaF leI koeI QF nhIN. ieQy JnF ivc mhIvfl
dy zuwb mrn df bhuq gm hY, pr sqluj dy kMZy isMGF sUrimaF vloN qry KUn dy diraf
cyqy ivc hI nhI afey. sR[ Èfm isMG atfrIvfly vrgf XoDf BI ivsr igaf. kI iesy
nIc ibrqI df nfm hI pMjfbIaq qF nhI hY?
ieQy hIr, swsI, sohxI qy sfihbF pMjfbIaF dy
idlo idmfg qy CfeIaF hoeIaF hn. iesy leI ieQy iesy iksm dIaF iPlmF qy kYstF lwKF
lok suxdy vyKdy hn. pr kI arsI rUh byby nfnkI jI, siqgurU nfnk sfihb jI dy BYx
jI nfl sfzf koeI nfqf hY? mfqf KIvI jI, bIbI BfnI jI nUM pMjfbI jfxdy hn? mfqf
gMgf jI mfqf gujrI jI, ikMny ku Xfd hn? mfqf Bfg kOr jI, idl dy iks Kfny ivc hn?
ijhnF mfvF ny bwicaF dy tukVy krvf ky JolIaF ivc puafey, svf svf mx pIsxf
pIisaf, kdI Xfd afeIaF Auh mfvF? srdfrnI sdf kOr dI sUrmgqI, mhfrfxI ijMd kOr dI
isafxp [[[ afDunk smyN qk, Xfd hY sB kuJ pMjfbIaF nUM? sfzIaF srkfrF qy
XUnIvrstIaF ‘‘afskF`` qy hI Koj krdIaF rihxgIaF, iehnF nUM hI koml mn,
ividafrQIaF dy aMdr TosdIaF jfxgIaF jF kdI hrI isMG nlvf, Èfm isMG atfrI vflf,
akflI PUlf isMG, BfeI mhfrfj isMG, sR[ cqr isMG, sR: Èyr isMG bfry BI kdI Koj
krfAuxgIaF? ies DrqI dy hfkmF nuMU (smyq iswKF dy) afÈkF dI bhuqI iPkr hY,
ivcfry ikMny aOKy hoey, iksy ny Gr nF vsfieaf, iksy ny jMj brfq nfl Zukf nf
kIqf. iksy dy Gr inkf inafxf nf jMimaf. kfÈ ieh bwcy jMmdy pfldy, lUx qyl dy
Bfa df pqf lg jFdf. byrujgfrI ny sMGI nwpI huMdI, sfrf ieÈk df BUq Auz jfxf sI.
kfÈ ik shI mfihinaF ivc nOjvfn igafnI bx skx. POj ivc iswK Dfrmk muKI dI Xogqf
‘‘igafnI`` hI hY. afskF nuMU pV ky bixaf ‘‘igafnI`` ikho ijhf Drm Aupdys
kr skygf? soicaf hY kdI sfzy iksy afgU ny?
1[ igafnIaF no sB scu hY sc
soJI hoeI.. Auie Bulfie n iksY dy BulnI scu jfxin soeI..42)
2[ igafnI hoie sucyqMn hoie
aigafnI aMDu kmfie.. (556)
